晋南地区霾气候变化特征及影响要素分析

Analysis on the Climate Changes and Influencing Factors of Haze in Southern Shanxi

摘要: 本文利用1981~2019年位于晋南地区临汾市的17个国家自动观测站地面气象观测资料，运用统计学方法分析了该地区霾日及各气象要素的时空分布特征。结果表明：1) 该地区近四十年霾日呈现出东西低、中间显著偏高的空间分布特征；2) 市区霾日数整体以0.68 d/10 a的速率增加，2016年以后霾日数则呈现出以28.9 d/a速率减少的趋势；季节变化上，霾主要集中在冬季，秋季次之；3) 市区年小风日占比达80.2%，市年均小风日数以每年2.0 d的增速增加，市多年主导风向为西南风，静风频率占比大；4) 市平均相对湿度南部明显偏高，年均相对湿度以每年0.35%的速率下降；5) 年均气温中间高两边低且南高北低，市区为高温核区，年均气温以0.4℃/10 a的速率增加。

Abstract: This paper has analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of haze days and meteorological elements in Linfen which is located in southern Shanxi by statistical methods using meteorological observation data which were collected from 17 national automatic observation stations in Linfen from 1981 to 2019. The results are as follows: 1) In the past 40 years, the spatial distribution of haze-days in Linfen showed the characteristics of fewer haze-days in east and west, and significantly higher in middle area. 2) The number of urban area’s haze-days is increasing by 0.68 days per decade in general. The number of haze-days decreased at the rate of 28.9 days per year since 2016. Seasonally, haze is mainly concentrated in winter, followed by autumn and spring. 3) The number of small wind days in Linfen is more than 80.2%. The annual average small wind days increased by 2.0 days per year. The dominant wind direction in Linfen is southwest, and the silent wind frequency accounts for a large proportion. 4) The average relative humidity in the southern are at of the city is obviously high, and the annual average relative humidity has decreased by 0.35% annually. 5) The average annual temperature is high in the middle and low on both sides. The urban area was a high temperature core area, and its growth rate is 0.4˚C every 10 years.