血清白介素-6对原发性干燥综合征合并焦虑、抑郁的预测价值
Predictive Value of Serum Interleukin-6 in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome with Anxiety and Depression
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2024.1451532, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 52  浏览: 78 
作者: 叶·叶尔丁其木克, 米扎尼也古丽·卡哈尔, 崔天晓, 张继云*:新疆医科大学第二附属医院风湿免疫科,新疆 乌鲁木齐
关键词: 干燥综合征白介素-6焦虑抑郁Sjogren’s Syndrome Interleukin-6 Anxiety and Depression
摘要: 目的:观察原发性干燥综合征(Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome, pSS)患者血清白介素-6 (IL-6)与焦虑、抑郁的相关性,探讨其在pSS合并焦虑、抑郁中的预测价值。方法:选取2023年1月~2023年12月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院住院的90例pSS患者,根据宗氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、宗氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)量表分为pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组和pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组,行问卷调查并收集人口统计学、临床及实验室资料、EULAR干燥综合征患者报告指数(ESSPRI)、EULAR干燥综合征疾病活动指数(ESSDAI)对患者焦虑抑郁及病情进行评估,另按1:1:1比例选取45例我院健康体检人,分析pSS患者血清IL-6与焦虑抑郁的相关性。结果:血清IL-6水平比较,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组和健康人组,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组;在抗SSA抗体阳性分布上,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组抗SSA抗体阳性率较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更高,抗SSA抗体滴度(3 )的患者占比更高(P均<0.05);pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的ESSPRI、ESSDAI、IgG较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组显著升高(P均<0.05);pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的血沉水平显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁和健康人组;pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的病程比pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更短;2组pSS患者较健康人组的女性占比更多,男性占比更少(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组血清IL-6与ESSPRI、ESSDAI、SAS、SDS呈正相关。多因素logistic回归分析显示,IL-6、ESSDAI、ESSPRI是pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,IL-6、ESSDAI对pSS合并焦虑抑郁均有较高预测价值(P < 0.001),二者联合的预测价值更高(P < 0.001)。结论:血清IL-6水平与pSS患者合并焦虑抑郁密切相关,可作为pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的潜在生物标志物,为早期诊断和治疗提供重要依据。
Abstract: Objective: To observe the correlation between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anxiety and depression in patients with Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (pSS), and explore its predictive value in pSS combined with anxiety and depression. Methods: Ninety patients with pSS hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided into pSS group with anxiety and depression and pSS group without anxiety and depression according to Zong’s self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zong’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). A questionnaire survey was conducted and demographic, clinical and laboratory data, EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Reporting Index (ESSPRI) and EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) were collected to evaluate the anxiety, depression and condition of the patients. In addition, 45 healthy persons in our hospital were selected at a ratio of 1:1:1, to analyze the correlation between serum IL-6 and anxiety and depression in pSS patients. Result: The serum IL-6 level of pSS with anxiety and depression group was significantly higher than that of pSS without anxiety and depression group and healthy group, and pSS with anxiety and depression group was significantly higher than that of pSS without anxiety and depression group. In the positive distribution of anti-SSA antibody, the positive rate of anti-SSA antibody in pSS group with anxiety and depression was higher than that in pSS group without anxiety and depression, and the proportion of patients with anti-SSA antibody titer (3 ) was higher (P < 0.05). ESSPRI, ESSDAI and IgG in pSS with anxiety and depression group were significantly higher than those in pSS without anxiety and depression group (all P < 0.05). The serum sedimentation rate of pSS group with anxiety and depression was significantly higher than that of pSS group without anxiety and depression and healthy people. The duration of pSS with anxiety and depression was shorter than pSS without anxiety and depression. Compared with the healthy group, the proportion of pSS patients in the 2 groups was more in females and less in males (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6 in pSS group with anxiety and depression was positively correlated with ESSPRI, ESSDAI, SAS and SDS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6, ESSDAI and ESSPRI were independent risk factors for pSS combined with anxiety and depression. ROC curve analysis showed that both IL-6 and ESSDAI had high predictive value for pSS combined with anxiety and depression (P < 0.001), and the combined value was higher (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum IL-6 level is closely related to anxiety and depression in pSS patients, and can be used as a potential biomarker of pSS patients with anxiety and depression, providing an important basis for early diagnosis and treatment.
文章引用:叶·叶尔丁其木克, 米扎尼也古丽·卡哈尔, 崔天晓, 张继云. 血清白介素-6对原发性干燥综合征合并焦虑、抑郁的预测价值[J]. 临床医学进展, 2024, 14(5): 1107-1114. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2024.1451532

1. 引言

原发性干燥综合征(Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome, pSS)是最常见的中老年人的自身免疫性结缔组织病,我国人群患病率为0.33%~0.77% [1] [2] 。pSS发病机制主要以淋巴细胞浸润外分泌腺体为特征,临床症状为口干、眼干、腮腺肿大、猖獗齿等,腺体外可侵犯关节、肌肉、血液及神经系统等造成多系统、多器官受损 [3] 。焦虑、抑郁是pSS患者常见的情感障碍表现 [1] [4] [5] [6] ,相关研究发现约33%~37%的pSS患者存在焦虑、抑郁 [4] 。目前pSS发生焦虑、抑郁的机制尚不明确,但根据免疫细胞因子模型,Th1、Th2的免疫应答失衡,导致白细胞介素(IL-6)等促炎细胞因子过表达 [7] ,然而IL-6可通过影响T细胞功能,进而诱导其增殖浸润到中枢神经系统,从而直接影响大脑功能和神经递质的产生诱导焦虑抑郁,且其升高与负面情绪的强度呈正相关 [8] 。但是IL-6在pSS伴焦虑、抑郁的相关研究鲜有报道,故本文分析IL-6在pSS伴焦虑抑郁患者中的水平变化,观察pSS患者IL-6水平与焦虑、抑郁评分的相关性,综合评估其在pSS伴焦虑抑郁中的临床价值。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 临床资料

选取2023年1月~2023年12月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院住院的90例pSS患者,根据SAS、SDS评分分组,将SAS ≥ 40和(或) SDS ≥ 40的45例患者为pSS伴焦虑抑郁组,SAS、SDS均<40的45例患者为pSS不伴焦虑抑郁组。纳入标准:① 符合18~80岁;② 2016原发性干燥综合征新分类标准 [9] ;③ 患者对本研究知情,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:① 既往存在精神心理问题和自我效能感低下;② 合并心肺肝肾功能严重异常和免疫缺陷性疾病、恶性肿瘤、重大手术等;③ 合并其他风湿免疫性疾病;④ 近2周内服用过抗抑郁、抗焦虑药物;⑤ 各种原因无法配合本试验的患者。收集并分析入组患者一般资料、焦虑抑郁量表、pSS患者病情评估表、实验室检测及相关抗体等资料。另按1:1:1比例选取45例我院健康体检人为健康人组,健康人组排除自身免疫性疾病、感染、肿瘤、心理或精神疾病等疾病。

收集并分析pSS患者人口学特点、实验室检测及相关抗体,以及住院期间pSS患者病情评估包括EULAR干燥综合征患者报告指数(ESSPRI)、EULAR干燥综合征疾病活动指数(ESSDAI),其中ESSPRI ≥ 5表明患者存在明显主观症状,ESSDAI ≥ 5定义为中度疾病活动度,且两表数值越高,主观症状及疾病活动度越重 [10] [11] [12] ,即病情越重。

2.2. 调查问卷

2.2.1. 焦虑抑郁水平评估

采用宗氏抑郁自评量表(Zung self-rating depression scale, SDS)、宗氏焦虑自评量表(Zung self-rating anxiety scale, SAS),患者根据自身情况完成,得分 ≥ 40定义为伴有焦虑和(或)抑郁状态 [13] [14] ,且纳入pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组,反之纳入pSS不伴焦虑抑郁组及健康人组。

2.2.2. 临床特征评估

记录患者姓名、年龄、民族、病程、ESSPRI、ESSDAI等一般资料,收集患者IL-6、IgG、C4、CRP、ESR等临床指标。

2.3. 统计学处理

应用SPSS 26.0软件统计学分析,定量资料根据服从正态分布情况,用均数 ± 标准差( x ¯ ± s )或[M (P25, P75)]描述;定性资料以例数和百分比描述;连续变量两组间比较使用非参数检验(Mann-Whitney U检验),分类变量两组间比较视情况选择方差分析或Fisher确切概率法;连续变量三组间比较使用非参数检验(Kruskal-Wallis检验),分类变量三组间比较视情况选择方差分析或Fisher确切概率法,事后分析采用bonferroni事后检验;相关性分析采用Pearson检验;危险因素用多因素Logistic回归分析;预测价值采用ROC曲线分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 3组血清IL-6水平比较

3组血清IL-6水平比较,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组和健康人组,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组。见表1

Table 1. Comparison of general data among groups

表1. 各组间的一般资料比较

*与pSS伴焦虑抑郁组相比,P < 0.05;#与pSS不伴焦虑抑郁组相比,P < 0.05。Fisher确切概率法。

3.2. 3组临床资料相比较

在抗SSA抗体阳性分布上,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组抗SSA抗体阳性率较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更高,抗SSA抗体滴度(3+)的患者占比更高(P均<0.05);pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的ESSPRI、ESSDAI、IgG较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组显著升高(P均<0.05);pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的血沉水平显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁和健康人组;pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的病程比pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更短;2组pSS患者较健康人组的女性占比更多,男性占比更少(P均<0.05)。见表1

3.3. 相关性分析

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清IL-6与ESSDAI、SAS、SDS呈正相关(P < 0.05),见表2

Table 2. Correlation between serum IL-6 and ESSDAI, SAS and SDS

表2. 血清IL-6与ESSDAI、SAS、SDS的相关性

3.4. 影响pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的因素

将pSS合并焦虑、抑郁作为因变量,将单因素分析中有意义的指标作为自变量,多元回归分析结果显示,IL-6、ESSDAI、ESSPRI是pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的独立危险因素(P < 0.05),见表3

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis

表3. Logistic回归分析

3.5. IL-6对pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的预测价值分析

ROC曲线分析显示,IL-6、ESSDAI对pSS合并联合焦虑抑郁均有较高预测价值(P < 0.001),二者联合的预测价值更高(P < 0.001)。见表4图1

Table 4. Analysis of the predictive value of serum IL-6 and ESSDAI in pSS combined with anxiety and depression

表4. 血清IL-6和ESSDAI对pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的预测价值分析

Figure 1. ROC curve of the predictive value of IL-6 and ESSDAI on pSS combined with anxiety and depression

图1. IL-6、ESSDAI对pSS合并焦虑、抑郁预测价值的ROC曲线

4. 讨论

pSS患者B细胞反应性增生并产生大量自身抗体,使机体产生局部炎症反应,协同变应原、细胞因子及趋化因子共同作用,导致T、B细胞相互促进,使外分泌腺持续存在炎症反应,最终导致腺体破坏,而表现为口干、眼干、疲劳、关节痛等,其病程长、临床表现复杂多样 [15] ,亦会使患者产生焦虑抑郁等消极心理,然而不仅焦虑抑郁等负面情绪可能导致免疫功能紊乱,而且免疫系统疾病也会引起患者情绪状态的深刻变化,如此形成恶性循环。因此,对pSS患者焦虑、抑郁及早发现、及早治疗,以控制病情,可提高患者生活质量。

首先,在我们分析收集的临床资料,结果显示pSS患者较健康人组的女性占比更多,男性占比更少,病程在pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组中较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更短;在抗SSA抗体阳性分布上,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组抗SSA抗体阳性率及IgG水平较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更高,抗SSA抗体滴度(+++)的患者占比更高;评估两组pSS患者ESSPRI、ESSDAI评分,发现pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的ESSPRI、ESSDAI评分均高于未合并焦虑、抑郁组,表明pSS合并焦虑、抑郁患者疾病活动度更高、主观症状更明显,病情进展更为迅速。

IL-6是一种免疫调节因子,广泛参与免疫调节、炎症反应和组织修复等生理过程,IL-6的升高可能与炎症介质的释放、自身抗体的产生和免疫细胞的异常活化有关,在pSS的发病机制中发挥重要作用,同时IL-6也参与了焦虑、抑郁的发病 [16] 。研究发现,pSS小鼠IL-6的基因表达显著高于对照组 [17] ,在促进腺体破坏和加剧干燥方面起着重要作用。临床研究也发现pSS患者IL-6水平高于健康人,且浓度与疾病的特异性表现相关,pSS患者中具有腹腔疾病、肺纤维化或肺泡炎或外周神经系统症状的患者较没有这些表现的患者具有显著更高的IL-6水平 [18] 。本研究结果表明pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组和不伴焦虑、抑郁组的IL-6水平较健康人显著升高,并且在pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组更高。通过临床资料分析,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的ESSPRI、ESSDAI、较pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组显著升高;pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的血沉水平显著高于pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁和健康人组;pSS伴焦虑、抑郁组的病程比pSS不伴焦虑、抑郁组更短;。进一步进行Pearson相关性分析显示,pSS伴焦虑、抑郁患者血清IL-6与ESSPRI、ESSDAI、SAS、SDS评分均呈正相关,提示血清IL-6水平不仅与pSS的疾病活动度有关,而且与pSS患者焦虑、抑郁正相关。IL-6作为一种促炎因子,对pSS并发神经系统病变的评估也具有一定的临床意义 [19] 。此外,在pSS患者健康相关生活质量研究中发现IL-6水平越高,患者活力、社会功能、情感角色功能及心理健康评分越低 [20] 。有国外研究发现,IL-6合成与患者的心身功能之间存在强相关性,以上结论与本研究结果相似。为进一步明确IL-6在pSS合并焦虑、抑郁患者中的意义,我们通过二元回归发现IL-6、ESSPRI、ESSDAI均是pSS患者发生焦虑抑郁的独立危险因素。因此,我们推测IL-6是pSS共患焦虑、抑郁的独立危险因素之一。

越来越多的研究表明,pSS的发生发展与心理因素具有一定的关系,常伴随焦虑抑郁等精神状态改变。相关Meta分析表明pSS患者的抑郁和焦虑状态发生率比健康对照组更高且更重。目前研究证实IL-6等细胞因子在自身免疫性疾病患者抑郁症发展中具有重要作用,我们的研究也发现IL-6是pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的独立危险因素。因此,通过进一步ROC分析结果显示,IL-6预测pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的AUC为0.803,敏感度91.11%,特异性53.33%,提示IL-6可能参与了pSS患者合并焦虑抑郁的发生发展,并可能成为评估疾病进展和预后的一个重要指标。当ESSDAI和IL-6二者联合检测对pSS合并焦虑、抑郁的AUC为0.967,敏感度95.56%,特异性88.89%,ESSDAI合并IL-6联合将更有助于评估pSS患者合并焦虑、抑郁的发生发展和预后。

因此,血清IL-6水平可以作为pSS患者合并焦虑抑郁的潜在生物标志物,为早诊断、早治疗提供重要依据。进一步证实了IL-6在干燥综合征合并焦虑、抑郁发病机制中的作用,或可为pSS提供治疗新靶点。但由于时间、人力有限,本研究具有样本量小、单中心研究等局限性,未来研究中提高样本量,可进一步评估焦虑抑郁水平的影响因素,以便加强pSS患者的心理护理、增强生活质量。

利益冲突

所有作者声明无利益冲突。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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