社会工作介入特殊儿童家庭的研究——以重庆市T街道为例

A Study on the Intervention of Social Work in Families with Special Children—A Case Study of T Street in Chongqing

摘要: 随着我国社会福利制度和社会保障制度的不断完善，以及《特殊人保障法》的修订，特殊儿童及其家庭的基本权益得到了保障，但是他们仍然面临更多更复杂的社会问题，如巨大的经济压力、家庭结构失调、家庭边缘化、家庭功能的失调等，这些都严重地影响特殊儿童的康复以及社会化，传统的以政府为主导的救助方式已满足不了特殊儿童家庭的需求，帮助此类群体是全社会应尽的责任和义务。社会工作作为一门以助人为目标的专业，在帮助特殊儿童及其家庭的服务中有较大的优势，家庭社会工作的服务理念、服务内容以及专业性能够满足此类群体的需求，家庭社会工作可以运用个案工作、小组工作、社区工作以及行政性社会工作介入特殊儿童及其家庭，促进特殊儿童的恢复，构建社会支持网络，改变家庭成员之间不良的沟通方式及分工，缓解家庭成员的矛盾和焦虑情绪，重塑家庭良好氛围，为家庭成员赋能，提升其应对问题的能力，帮助家庭成员更好地成长。文章将介绍重庆市某社会工作机构对重庆市南岸区天文街道的服务活动，并分析其成效。

Abstract: With the continuous improvement of China’s social welfare system and social security system, as well as the revision of the Law on the Protection of Special Persons, the basic rights and interests of special children and their families have been protected, but they still face more and more complex social problems, such as huge economic pressure, family structure disorder, family marginalization, family dysfunction, etc. All these have seriously affected the rehabilitation and socialization of special children. Traditional government-led assistance can no longer meet the needs of families with special children, and it is the responsibility and obligation of the whole society to help such groups. As a profession aiming at helping others, social work has great advantages in helping special children and their families. The service concept, service content and professionalism of family social work can meet the needs of such groups. Family social work can use case work, group work, community work and administrative social work to intervene in special children and their families. It can help promote the recovery of special children, build a social support network, change the bad communication mode and division of labor among family members, relieve the contradictions and anxiety of family members, rebuild a good family atmosphere, empower family members, improve their ability to cope with problems, and help family members grow better. This paper will introduce the service activities of a social work organization in Chongqing in Tianwen Street, Nanan District, Chongqing, and analyze its effectiveness.