慈善基础设施的功能与类型：分析框架与多案例比较

Functions and Types of Philanthropy Infrastructure: Analysis Framework and Multi Case Comparative Study

摘要: 慈善基础设施通过为行业内各主体提供资源与服务而促进我国慈善事业高质量发展，但既有研究对其具体功能与类型特征缺乏关注。为窥视不同类型慈善基础设施的运作机理，本文使用类型学研究方法，基于公共产品理论，以“排他性”和“竞争性”两个维度来建立类型学分析框架，将我国已有的慈善基础设施划分为商业–私人型、公益–定制型、商业–通用型与行业–公共型四种类型。在分类的基础上，本文进一步总结归纳出四种类型慈善基础设施的基本特征，并基于对四个案例进行实证分析，初步解释和验证了提出的分析框架。

Abstract: Philanthropy infrastructure promotes the high-quality development of charity in China by providing resources and services to various subjects in the industry, but the existing research has not paid much attention to its specific functions and types. In order to explore the operation mechanism of different types of philanthropy infrastructure, this paper uses the typological research method based on the theory of public goods and establishes a typological analysis framework based on the two dimensions of “exclusivity” and “competition”, and divides the existing philanthropy infrastructure in China into four types: commercial-private type, commonweal-customized type, commercial-general type and industry-public type. On the basis of classification, this paper further summarizes the basic characteristics of four types of philanthropy infrastructure, and preliminarily explains and validates the proposed analytical framework based on the empirical analysis of four cases.