[1]
|
(2014) Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Pneumonia in Children at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Geneva.
|
[2]
|
Leung, A.K.C., Wong, A.H.C. and Hon, K.L. (2018) Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Dis-covery, 12, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180621163821
|
[3]
|
Chen, K. and Kolls, J.K. (2013) T Cell-Mediated Host Immune Defenses in the Lung. Annual Review of Immunology, 31, 605-633. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100019
|
[4]
|
Altare, F., Lammas, D., Revy, P., et al. (1998) In-herited Interleukin 12 Deficiency in a Child with Bacille Calmette-Guerin and Salmonella enteritidis Disseminated Infec-tion. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 102, 2035-2040.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI4950
|
[5]
|
Raju, R., Peters, B.S. and Breen, R.A. (2012) Lung Infections in the HIV-Infected Adult. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 18, 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835213d3
|
[6]
|
Van de Veerdonk, F.L. and Netea, M.G. (2010) T-Cell Subsets and Antifungal Host Defenses. Current Fungal Infection Reports, 4, 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-010-0034-6
|
[7]
|
Paats, M.S., Bergen, I.M., Hanselaar, W.E., et al. (2013) Local and Systemic Cytokine Profiles in Nonsevere and Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia. European Respiratory Soci-ety, 41, 1378-1385.
https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00060112
|
[8]
|
Yunis, J., Short, K.R. and Yu, D. (2023) Severe Respiratory Vi-ral Infections: T-Cell Functions Diverging from Immunity to Inflammation. Trends in Microbiology, 31, 644-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2022.12.008
|
[9]
|
Sette, A., Sidney, J. and Crotty, S. (2023) T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2. Annual Review of Immunology, 41, 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120
|
[10]
|
Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Rénia, L., et al. (2020) The Trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, Inflammation and Intervention. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
|
[11]
|
Merad, M. and Martin, J.C. (2020) Pathological Inflammation in Patients with COVID-19: A Key Role for Monocytes and Macrophages. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, 355-362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4
|
[12]
|
Jarczak, D. and Nierhaus, A. (2022) Cytokine Storm-Definition, Causes, and Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, Article 11740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911740
|
[13]
|
Fajgenbaum, D.C. and June, C.H. (2020) Cytokine Storm. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2255-2273. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2026131
|
[14]
|
Maucourant, C., Queiroz, G.A.N., Samri, A., et al. (2019) Zika Virus in the Eye of the Cytokine Storm. European Cytokine Network, 30, 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2019.0433
|
[15]
|
Chen, H., Wang, F., Zhang, P., et al. (2019) Management of Cytokine Release Syndrome Related to CAR-T Cell Therapy. Frontiers of Medicine, 13, 610-617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-019-0714-8
|
[16]
|
Indalao, I.L., Sawabuchi, T., Takahashi, E., et al. (2017) IL-1beta Is a Key Cytokine That Induces Trypsin Upregulation in the Influenza Virus-Cytokine-Trypsin Cycle. Archives of Virol-ogy, 162, 201-211.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3093-3
|
[17]
|
Huppert, L.A., Matthay, M.A. and Ware, L.B. (2019) Pathogene-sis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 40, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683996
|
[18]
|
Tracey, K.J., Lowry, S.F., Fahey 3rd, T.J., et al. (1987) Cachec-tin/Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Lethal Shock and Stress Hormone Responses in the Dog. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 164, 415-422.
|
[19]
|
Medina, R., Socher, S.H., Han, J.H., et al. (1989) Interleukin-1, Endotoxin or Tumor Necrosis Factor/Cachectin Enhance the Level of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Messenger RNA in Bovine Aortic En-dothelial Cells. Thrombosis Research, 54, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(89)90335-6
|
[20]
|
Afzal, S., Lange, P., Bojesen, S.E., et al. (2014) Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Lung Function and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Thorax, 69, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203682
|
[21]
|
Rippel, C., South, M., Butt, W.W., et al. (2012) Vitamin D Status in Critically Ill Children. Intensive Care Medicine, 38, 2055-2062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2718-6
|
[22]
|
Parekh, D., Dancer, R.C., Lax, S., et al. (2013) Vitamin D to Pre-vent Acute Lung Injury Following Oesophagectomy (VINDALOO): Study Protocol for a Randomised Placebo Con-trolled Trial. Trials, 14, Article No. 100.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-100
|
[23]
|
Hollams, E.M., Hart, P.H., Holt, B.J., et al. (2011) Vitamin D and Atopy and Asthma Phenotypes in Children: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. European Respiratory Society, 38, 1320-1327. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00029011
|
[24]
|
Wilkinson, R.J., Llewelyn, M., Toossi, Z., et al. (2000) Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms on Tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in West Lon-don: A Case-Control Study. The Lancet, 355, 618-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)02301-6
|
[25]
|
Persson, L.J., Aanerud, M., Hiemstra, P.S., et al. (2012) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated with Low Levels of Vitamin D. PLOS ONE, 7, e38934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038934
|
[26]
|
Lu, D., Zhang, J., Ma, C., et al. (2018) Link between Commu-nity-Acquired Pneumonia and Vitamin D Levels in Older Patients. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 51, 435-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-017-1237-z
|
[27]
|
De Pascale, G., Vallecoccia, M.S., Schiattarella, A., et al. (2016) Clinical and Microbiological Outcome in Septic Patients with Extremely Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels at Ini-tiation of Critical Care. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22, 456.E7-456.E13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.015
|
[28]
|
Hansdottir, S., Monick, M.M., Hinde, S.L., et al. (2008) Respirato-ry Epithelial Cells Convert Inactive Vitamin D to Its Active Form: Potential Effects on Host Defense. The Journal of Immunology, 181, 7090-7099.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7090
|
[29]
|
Zisi, D., Challa, A. and Makis, A. (2019) The Association be-tween Vitamin D Status and Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory System in Infancy and Childhood. Hormones (Ath-ens), 18, 353-363.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-019-00155-z
|
[30]
|
Shi, Y.Y., Liu, T.J., Fu, J.H., et al. (2016) Vitamin D/VDR Sig-naling Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Maintaining the Integrity of the Pulmonary Epitheli-al Barrier. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 1186-1194. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4685
|
[31]
|
Baeke, F., Takiishi, T., Korf, H., et al. (2010) Vitamin D: Modulator of the Immune System. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 10, 482-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001
|
[32]
|
Berry, D.J., Hesketh, K., Power, C., et al. (2011) Vita-min D Status Has a Linear Association with Seasonal Infections and Lung Function in British Adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 106, 1433-1440.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511001991
|
[33]
|
Jovanovich, A.J., Ginde, A.A., Holmen, J., et al. (2014) Vita-min D Level and Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis. Nutrients, 6, 2196-2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6062196
|
[34]
|
Fried, D.A., Rhyu, J., Odato, K., et al. (2016) Maternal and Cord Blood Vitamin D Status and Childhood Infection and Allergic Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrition Reviews, 74, 387-410. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv108
|
[35]
|
Monlezun, D.J., Bittner, E.A., Christopher, K.B., et al. (2015) Vitamin D Status and Acute Respiratory Infection: Cross Sectional Results from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006. Nutrients, 7, 1933-1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031933
|
[36]
|
Urashima, M., Segawa, T., Okazaki, M., et al. (2010) Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Seasonal Influenza A in Schoolchildren. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, 1255-1260.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094
|
[37]
|
Nicolae, M., Mihai, C.M., Chisnoiu, T., et al. (2023) Immunomodu-latory Effects of Vitamin D in Respiratory Tract Infections and COVID-19 in Children. Nutrients, 15, Article 3430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153430
|
[38]
|
Manaseki-Holland, S., Qader, G., Isaq, Masher, M., et al. (2010) Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation to Children Diagnosed with Pneumonia in Kabul: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Tropi-cal Medicine & International Health, 15, 1148-1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02578.x
|
[39]
|
Remmelts, H.H., Spoorenberg, S.M., Oosterheert, J.J., et al. (2013) The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Risk of Developing Pneumonia: Three Independent Case-Control Studies. Thorax, 68, 990-996.
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203623
|
[40]
|
Choudhary, N. and Gupta, P. (2012) Vitamin D Supplementa-tion for Severe Pneumonia—A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatrics, 49, 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-012-0073-x
|
[41]
|
Litonjua, A.A. (2013) Vitamin D and Corticosteroids in Asthma: Synergy, Interaction and Potential Therapeutic Effects. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 7, 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1586/ers.12.85
|
[42]
|
Colotta, F., Jansson, B. and Bonelli, F. (2017) Modulation of Inflammatory and Immune Responses by Vitamin D. Journal of Autoimmunity, 85, 78-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.007
|
[43]
|
Hossein-Nezhad, A. and Holick, M.F. (2012) Optimize Dietary In-take of Vitamin D: An Epigenetic Perspective. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 15, 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283594978
|
[44]
|
Holick, M.F. (2007) Vitamin D Deficiency. The New Eng-land Journal of Medicine, 357, 266-281.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070553
|
[45]
|
Martens, P.J., Gysemans, C., Verstuyf, A., et al. (2020) Vitamin D’s Effect on Immune Function. Nutrients, 12, Article 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051248
|
[46]
|
Liu, P.T., Sten-ger, S., Li, H., et al. (2006) Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response. Science, 311, 1770-1773. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123933
|
[47]
|
Abrams, G.D., Feldman, D. and Safran, M.R. (2018) Effects of Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle and Athletic Performance. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 26, 278-285.
https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00464
|
[48]
|
Luo, W., Liu, L., Yang, L., et al. (2018) The Vitamin D Receptor Regulates miR-140-5p and Targets the MAPK Pathway in Bone Development. Metabolism, 85, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.018
|
[49]
|
Hossein-Nezhad, A. and Holick, M.F. (2013) Vitamin D for Health: A Global Perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 88, 720-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011
|
[50]
|
Unger, W.W., Laban, S., Kleijwegt, F.S., et al. (2009) Induction of Treg by Monocyte-Derived DC Modulated by Vitamin D3 or Dexamethasone: Differential Role for PD-L1. European Journal of Immunology, 39, 3147-3159.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200839103
|
[51]
|
Penna, G. and Adorini, L. (2000) 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Differentiation, Maturation, Activation, and Survival of Dendritic Cells Leading to Impaired Alloreactive T Cell Activa-tion. The Journal of Immunology, 164, 2405-2411. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.5.2405
|
[52]
|
Van Halteren, A.G., Van Etten, E., De Jong, E.C., et al. (2002) Redirection of Human Autoreactive T-Cells upon Interaction with Den-dritic Cells Modulated by TX527, an Analog of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Diabetes, 51, 2119-2125. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2119
|
[53]
|
Xu, H., Soruri, A., Gieseler, R.K., et al. (1993) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Exerts Opposing Effects to IL-4 on MHC Class-II Antigen Expression, Accessory Activity, and Phagocytosis of Human Monocytes. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 38, 535-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb03237.x
|
[54]
|
Yao, L., Shi, Y., Zhao, X., et al. (2017) Vitamin D At-tenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury through Downregulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4. International Journal of Mo-lecular Medicine, 39, 1403-1408.
https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2961
|
[55]
|
Chen, Y., Liu, W., Sun, T., et al. (2013) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Promotes Negative Feedback Regulation of TLR Signaling via Targeting MicroRNA-155-SOCS1 in Macrophages. The Journal of Immunology, 190, 3687-3695.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1203273
|
[56]
|
Liu, G., Zhang, L. and Zhao, Y. (2010) Modulation of Immune Responses through Direct Activation of Toll-Like Receptors to T Cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 160, 168-175.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04091.x
|
[57]
|
Provvedini, D.M., Tsoukas, C.D., Deftos, L.J., et al. (1983) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptors in Human Leukocytes. Science, 221, 1181-1183. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6310748
|
[58]
|
Tsoukas, C.D., Provvedini, D.M. and Manolagas, S.C. (1984) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: A Novel Immunoregulatory Hormone. Science, 224, 1438-1440. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6427926
|
[59]
|
Khader, S.A., Guglani, L., Rangel-Moreno, J., et al. (2011) IL-23 Is Required for Long-Term Control of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and B Cell Follicle Formation in the Infected Lung. The Journal of Immunology, 187, 5402-5407.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101377
|
[60]
|
Deng, J.C., Tateda, K., Zeng, X., et al. (2001) Transient Transgenic Expression of Gamma Interferon Promotes Legionella pneumophila Clearance in Immunocompetent Hosts. Infection and Immunity, 69, 6382-6390.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.10.6382-6390.2001
|
[61]
|
Lettinga, K.D., Weijer, S., Speelman, P., et al. (2003) Re-duced Interferon-Gamma Release in Patients Recovered from Legionnaires’ Disease. Thorax, 58, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.1.63
|
[62]
|
Guo, H., Santiago, F., Lambert, K., et al. (2011) T Cell-Mediated Pro-tection against Lethal 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in a Mouse Model. Journal of Virology, 85, 448-455. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01812-10
|
[63]
|
Sun, K., Ye, J., Perez, D.R., et al. (2011) Seasonal FluMist Vaccination Induces Cross-Reactive T Cell Immunity against H1N1 (2009) Influenza and Secondary Bacterial Infections. The Journal of Immunology, 186, 987-993.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1002664
|
[64]
|
Cautivo, K.M., Bueno, S.M., Cortes, C.M., et al. (2010) Efficient Lung Recruitment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Th1 Cells Induced by Recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Promotes Virus Clearance and Protects from Infection. The Journal of Immunology, 185, 7633-7645. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0903452
|
[65]
|
Ripple, M.J., You, D., Honnegowda, S., et al. (2010) Immuno-modulation with IL-4R Alpha Antisense Oligonucleotide Prevents Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Mediated Pulmonary Disease. The Journal of Immunology, 185, 4804-4811.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1000484
|
[66]
|
Romani, L., Puccetti, P. and Bistoni, F. (1997) Interleukin-12 in Infectious Diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 10, 611-636. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.10.4.611
|
[67]
|
Chen, G.H., McDonald, R.A., Wells, J.C., et al. (2005) The Gamma Interferon Receptor Is Required for the Protective Pulmo-nary Inflammatory Response to Cryptococcus neoformans. Infection and Immunity, 73, 1788-1796.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.3.1788-1796.2005
|
[68]
|
Cenci, E., Mencacci, A., Del Sero, G., et al. (1999) Interleu-kin-4 Causes Susceptibility to Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis through Suppression of Protective Type I Responses. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180, 1957-1968.
https://doi.org/10.1086/315142
|
[69]
|
Palmer, M.T., Lee, Y.K., Maynard, C.L., et al. (2011) Lineage-Specific Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Development of Effector CD4 T Cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, 997-1004.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.163790
|
[70]
|
Boonstra, A., Barrat, F.J., Crain, C., et al. (2001) 1alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Has a Direct Effect on Naive CD4+ T Cells to Enhance the Development of Th2 Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 167, 4974-4980.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4974
|
[71]
|
Paats, M.S., Bergen, I.M., Hanselaar, W.E., et al. (2013) T Helper 17 Cells Are Involved in the Local and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Thorax, 68, 468-474.
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202168
|
[72]
|
Ye, P., Rodriguez, F.H., Kanaly, S., et al. (2001) Requirement of Interleukin 17 Receptor Signaling for Lung CXC Chemokine and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Expression, Neutrophil Recruitment, and Host Defense. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 194, 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.4.519
|
[73]
|
Happel, K.I., Dubin, P.J., Zheng, M., et al. (2005) Divergent Roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in Host Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 202, 761-769. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050193
|
[74]
|
Wu, Q., Martin, R.J., Rino, J.G., et al. (2007) IL-23-Dependent IL-17 Production Is Essential in Neutrophil Recruitment and Activity in Mouse Lung Defense against Respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. Microbes and Infection, 9, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2006.10.012
|
[75]
|
Moffitt, K.L., Gierahn, T.M., Lu, Y.J., et al. (2011) TH17-Based Vaccine Design for Prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization. Cell Host & Microbe, 9, 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.01.007
|
[76]
|
Priebe, G.P., Walsh, R.L., Cederroth, T.A., et al. (2008) IL-17 Is a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Protection against Lung Infection by Lipopolysaccharide-Heterologous Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Journal of Immunology, 181, 4965-4975. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4965
|
[77]
|
Brown, D.M., Lee, S., Garcia-Hernandez Mde, L., et al. (2012) Multifunctional CD4 Cells Expressing Gamma Interferon and Perforin Mediate Protection against Lethal In-fluenza Virus Infection. Journal of Virology, 86, 6792-6803.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.07172-11
|
[78]
|
Huang, W., Na, L., Fidel, P.L., et al. (2004) Requirement of Interleu-kin-17A for Systemic Anti-Candida albicans Host Defense in Mice. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 190, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1086/422329
|
[79]
|
Hardison, S.E., Wozniak, K.L., Kolls, J.K., et al. (2010) Interleukin-17 Is Not Required for Classical Macrophage Activation in a Pulmonary Mouse Model of Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. In-fection and Immunity, 78, 5341-5351.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00845-10
|
[80]
|
Mahon, B.D., Wittke, A., Weaver, V., et al. (2003) The Targets of Vit-amin D Depend on the Differentiation and Activation Status of CD4 Positive T Cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 89, 922-932.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10580
|
[81]
|
Borgogni, E., Sarchielli, E., Sottili, M., et al. (2008) Elocalcitol Inhibits In-flammatory Responses in Human Thyroid Cells and T Cells. Endocrinology, 149, 3626-3634. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0078
|
[82]
|
Staeva-Vieira, T.P. and Freedman, L.P. (2002) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits IFN-Gamma and IL-4 Levels During in Vitro Polarization of Primary Murine CD4+ T Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 168, 1181-1189.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.1181
|
[83]
|
Chen, F., Liu, Z., Wu, W., et al. (2012) An Essential Role for TH2-Type Responses in Limiting Acute Tissue Damage During Experimental Helminth Infection. Nature Medicine, 18, 260-266. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2628
|
[84]
|
Marshall, D., Sealy, R., Sangster, M., et al. (1999) TH Cells Primed During Influenza Virus Infection Provide Help for Qualitatively Distinct Antibody Responses to Subsequent Immunization. The Journal of Immunology, 163, 4673-4682.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4673
|
[85]
|
Clements, M.L., Betts, R.F., Tierney, E.L., et al. (1986) Serum and Nasal Wash Antibodies Associated with Resistance to Experimental Challenge with Influenza a Wild-Type Virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 24, 157-160.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.24.1.157-160.1986
|
[86]
|
Palladino, G., Mozdzanowska, K., Washko, G., et al. (1995) Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) but Not of IgM or IgA Isotypes Can Cure Influenza Virus Pneumonia in SCID Mice. Journal of Virology, 69, 2075-2081. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.69.4.2075-2081.1995
|
[87]
|
Renegar, K.B., Small Jr., PA., Boykins, L.G., et al. (2004) Role of IgA versus IgG in the Control of Influenza Viral Infection in the Murine Respiratory Tract. The Journal of Im-munology, 173, 1978-1986.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1978
|
[88]
|
Kling, H.M., Shipley, T.W., Patil, S.P., et al. (2010) Relation-ship of Pneumocystis jiroveci Humoral Immunity to Prevention of Colonization and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Primate Model of HIV Infection. Infection and Immunity, 78, 4320-4330. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00507-10
|
[89]
|
Weber, S.E., Tian, H. and Pirofski, L.A. (2011) CD8+ Cells Enhance Resistance to Pulmonary Serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Mice. The Journal of Immunology, 186, 432-442.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001963
|
[90]
|
Gohil, S.K., Heo, M., Schoenbaum, E.E., et al. (2012) CD8+ T Cells and Risk for Bacterial Pneumonia and All-Cause Mortality among HIV-Infected Women. Journal of Acquired Im-mune Deficiency Syndromes, 60, 191-198.
https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824d90fe
|
[91]
|
Carvalho, A., De Luca, A., Bozza, S., et al. (2012) TLR3 Essentially Promotes Protective Class I-Restricted Memory CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in Hema-topoietic Transplanted Patients. Blood, 119, 967-977.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-362582
|
[92]
|
McAllister, F., Steele, C., Zheng, M., et al. (2004) T Cytotox-ic-1 CD8+ T Cells Are Effector Cells against Pneumocystis in Mice. The Journal of Immunology, 172, 1132-1138. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1132
|
[93]
|
Hamada, H., Garcia-Hernandez Mde, L., Reome, J.B., et al. (2009) Tc17, a Unique Subset of CD8 T Cells That Can Protect against Lethal Influenza Challenge. The Journal of Im-munology, 182, 3469-3481.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0801814
|
[94]
|
Peiris, J.S., Hui, K.P. and Yen, H.L. (2010) Host Response to In-fluenza Virus: Protection versus Immunopathology. Current Opinion in Immunology, 22, 475-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2010.06.003
|
[95]
|
Meissner, N.N., Lund, F.E., Han, S., et al. (2005) CD8 T Cell-Mediated Lung Damage in Response to the Extracellular Pathogen Pneumocystis Is Dependent on MHC Class I Expression by Radiation-Resistant Lung Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 175, 8271-8279. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8271
|
[96]
|
Lysandropoulos, A.P., Jaquiery, E., Jilek, S., et al. (2011) Vitamin D Has a Direct Immunomodulatory Effect on CD8+ T Cells of Patients with Early Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Control Subjects. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 233, 240-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.11.008
|
[97]
|
Chen, J., Bruce, D. and Cantorna, M.T. (2014) Vitamin D Re-ceptor Expression Controls Proliferation of Naive CD8+ T Cells and Development of CD8 Mediated Gastrointestinal In-flammation. BMC Immunology, 15, Article No. 6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-15-6
|