新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对头胎儿童恐慌心理的影响研究

Study on the Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Panic Psychology of First-Born Children

摘要: 目的：调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对同胞家庭中的头胎儿童恐慌心理的影响，为不同子女的类型做好危机事件的应对教育提供依据，促进儿童心理及行为的积极健康发展。方法：本研究采用随机抽样的方法，于2020年3月上旬，通过问卷星APP发放自行编制的《疫情期间儿童恐慌心理行为及同胞关系质量问卷》，抽取江苏省和四川省的219个儿童家庭为被试，开展网络调查。结果：70.80%的儿童并没有表现出持续时间在5分钟以上的焦虑、恐慌、愤怒等负面情绪，只有0.40%的儿童每天负面情绪的发作频率在5次以上。独生子女和非独生子女家庭的儿童在担心的问题上存在极显著性差异P < 0.01。疫情期间同胞家庭中头胎儿童在主要担忧自己或亲人健康这一问题与同胞友好呈现显著正相关(P = 0.049 < 0.05)，儿童主要担忧不能出去玩与同胞冲突呈现极显著的正相关(P < 0.01)，与同胞互动呈现显著正相关(P = 0.013 < 0.05)，儿童喜欢问闭门不出何时结束这一问题与同胞冲突呈现显著正相关(P = 0.023 < 0.05)，在疫情防控期间，儿童会特别仔细听成人为其讲述防控知识与同胞友好呈现极显著正相关(P = 0.001 < 0.01)，特别喜欢问疾病防控的知识与同胞友好呈现显著正相关(P = 0.015 < 0.05)。结论：1) 疫情造成极少部分的儿童产生了持续5分钟以上的负面情绪，大部分儿童还是会因为长时间的闭门不出，表现出对朋友、同学、学校、病毒传染等方面的担忧和恐慌。2) 新冠疫情期间，同胞家庭的头胎子女要比独生子表现出更多的担忧和恐慌。3) 新冠疫情对头胎儿童恐慌心理的影响方面有显著的性别差异，女性头胎儿童要比男性头胎儿童表现出更多的担忧与恐慌。4) 同胞家庭中头胎儿童恐慌担忧心理与同胞友好呈显著的正相关，头胎儿童恐慌担忧心理会促进同胞关系质量的提高。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the influence of COVID-19 epidemic on the panic mentality of first-born children in sibling families, so as to provide basis for the education of coping with crisis events for different types of children, and promote the positive and healthy development of children’s psychology and behavior. Methods: In this study, the method of random sampling was adopted. The self-compiled questionnaire on Children’s Panic Behavior and Sib Relationship Quality during the Epidemiological Period was distributed through the Questionnaire APP in early March 2020. 219 children’s families in Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were selected as the subjects, and an online survey was carried out. Results: 70.80% of the children did not show anxiety, panic, anger and other negative emotions lasting more than 5 minutes, and only 0.40% of the children had more than 5 times of negative emotions per day. There is a very significant difference between the children of the only child and the children of the non-only child family in the problem of worry P < 0.01. First-born children in sibling families during the epidemic had a significant positive correlation with sibling friendliness (P = 0.049 < 0.05). Children’s main concern about not being able to go out to play was positively correlated with sibling conflict (P < 0.01), and the interaction with siblings was significantly positively correlated (P = 0.013 < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between sibling conflict and children’s tendency to ask when to stop staying indoors (P = 0.023 < 0.05), during the period of epidemic prevention and control, children would listen to adults carefully to talk about prevention and control knowledge and friendship with their compatriots showed extremely significant positive correlation (P = 0.001 < 0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation between knowledge of disease prevention and control and sibling friendship (P = 0.015 < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) The epidemic caused a small number of children to have negative emotions lasting more than 5 minutes. Most of the children would still be closed for a long time, showing the worry and panic for friends, classmates, school, virus infection and other aspects. 2) During COVID-19, the first-born child of a sibling family was more worried and frightened than the only child. 3) There are significant gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 on the panic psychology of first-born children, with female first-born children showing more worry and panic than male first-born children. 4) There is a significant positive correlation between panic and worry of first-born children and sibling friendliness, and panic and worry of first-born children can promote the improvement of sibling-relationship quality.