伊朗荒漠化影响因素分析与防治对策

Influence Factor Analysis of Desertification and Control Countermeasures in Iran

摘要: 伊朗是我国“一带一路”战略经济带上重要的节点国家，荒漠化防治是伊我双方开展国际合作和对外援助的重要内容。文章通过对伊朗荒漠化影响因素及荒漠化防治中存在的问题分析认为：1) 伊朗荒漠化受西风环流和北大西洋涛动的影响，在地中海型气候作用下，经过了无外流封闭式深海(盆)–干涸盐漠盆地–现代多样性荒漠盆地地貌景观演变过程的自然因子起主要作用；在生产力低下时期人口激增引起的畜牧业增加、开荒、牧农业转换等行为以及战争、工业驱动等社会因素加剧了荒漠化进程；2) 伊朗荒漠化防治可从国家、企业以及个人三方面入手，通过引进或加强农业科技积极，构建生态农业体系，减少水资源浪费，政府部门加大生态农业支持力度及统筹力度，加强企业与技术研发机构合作及成果转化力度，加强国家立法将生态问题上升到法律高度等措施防治荒漠化，实现可持续发展，保护当地生态环境。

Abstract: Iran is one of the important nodes in the “one belt, one road” strategic economic belt of China. Desertification control is an important part of the international cooperation and assistance from both sides. Based on the analysis of the influence factor of desertification in Iran and the problems existing in desertification control, this paper holds that: 1) Under the influence of the westerly circulation and the North Atlantic Oscillation with the Mediterranean climate, the natural factors that have gone through the evolution process of the geomorphic landscape of the non-outflow closed deep sea (basin)-dry salt desert basin-modern diversity desert basin play a major role, and during the period of low productivity, the increase of animal husbandry, the transformation of animal husbandry and agriculture, as well as the social factors such as war and industrial driving, etc. caused by the population surge, aggravate the process of desertification; 2) The desertification control in Iran can be started from the three aspects of the state, enterprises and individuals. Through the introduction or strengthening of agricultural science and technology, the construction of ecological agricultural system, the reduction of water resources waste, the government departments increasing ecological agriculture support and overall planning, strengthening cooperation between enterprises and technology research and development institutions and the transformation of their achievements, and strengthening national legislation to raise the ecological issue to a legal level and other measures to combat desertification, sustainable development can be achieved, thus protecting the local ecological environment.