大学生攻击行为与归因风格的关系研究

A Study on the Relationships between Aggressive Behavior and Attribution Style among College Students

摘要: 目的：了解当前大学生攻击行为与归因风格现状，探讨两者之间的关系，为减少大学生攻击行为提供依据。方法：选取山东、四川、海南三省九所学校，从中随机选择256名本科大学生进行问卷调查，问卷包括大学生一般情况、人际关系归因倾向量表及攻击行为量表三个部分。结果：1) 探讨了大学生攻击行为及归因风格在人口学变量(性别、入学前居住环境、年级)上的差异。研究发现男、女生在外控性得分、攻击得分上差异显著(t = 2.042, t = 2.944, P < 0.05)，而内控性得分在性别上的差异不显著；城、乡学生在外控性得分、攻击得分上差异显著(t = 2.640, t = 2.005, P < 0.05)，而内控性得分在城乡间的差异不显著；内控性、外控性得分、攻击得分在年级间的差异均无统计学的意义；2) 大学生攻击行为和人际归因风格的相关分析显示，外控性与攻击得分、敌意、指向自我的攻击、言语攻击的相关较高(r = 0.403, r = 0.549, r = 0.450, r = 0.537, P < 0.05)，内控性、情境、运气与敌意的相关性较高(r = 0.432, r = 0.534, r = 0.335, P < 0.05)；3) 学生的攻击行为在不同归因风格间的差异具有统计学意义(F = 5.691, P < 0.05)，两两比较后发现，外倾型归因风格学生的攻击行为得分高于内倾型归因风格的学生，差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：1) 大学生群体中，男性较女性、城市较乡村的学生攻击倾向性较强，并且在归因时，更倾向于外部归因；而年级间的差异均无统计学意义；2) 大学生攻击行为与其归因风格特别是外控性因子存在相关，外倾型归因学生的攻击水平明显高于内倾型归因学生的攻击水平。

Abstract: Object: To survey the current situation of college students’ aggressive behavior and attribution style of, and to explore the relationships between aggressive behavior and attribution style, then to lay the groundwork for the decrease of aggressive behavior. Methods: 256 students who se-lected with randomly cluster sampling from nine universities and colleges in Shandong, Sichuan and Hainan Provinces were obtained knowledge about their general condition and by Multidi-mensional-Multiattribution Causality Scale and Chinese version of Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire. Results: 1) This paper discusses the differences between college students’ aggression behavior and attribution style in demographic variables (sex, pre-entry environment, grade). The study found that the external control attribution and aggressive behavior scores had significantly differences between male students and female students (t = 2.042, t = 2.944, P < 0.05). The interpersonal attribution scores had no significant differences between male students and female students. The external control attribution and aggressive behavior scores were statistically significant between students living in city and in country (t = 2.640, t = 2.005, P < 0.05). The interpersonal attribution scores had no significant differences whether it’s living in city or in country. There were no significant differences in students’ internal control attribution, external control attribution and aggressive behavior scores of different grades. 2) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of external control attribution were highly correlated with scores of aggressive behavior, hostility, self-aggression and verbal aggression (r = 0.537, r = 0.403, r = 0.450, r = 0.549, P < 0.05), the scores of internal control attribution, external control, fortune were highly correlated with scores of hostility (r = 0.335, r = 0.432, r = 0.534, P < 0.05). 3) The difference of students’ aggression behaviors between different attribution styles was statistically significant (F = 5.691, P < 0.05). After the comparison, the scores of the aggressive behaviors of the extroverted attribution style students were higher than the introverted attribution styles. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) Among the college students, men are more inclined to attack than women; similarly, students in cities are more inclined to attack than students in rural. And these students are more inclined to external attribution. However, there was no statistically significant difference between grades. 2) Aggressive behavior of college students and their attribution style are relevant, especially its external control reasons. The aggressive power of external control students is obviously higher than internal control students.