护理干预方案预防住院恶性肿瘤患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究

The Research about Nursing Intervention on Preventing LDVT of Inpatients with Malignant Tumors

摘要: 目的：预防住院恶性肿瘤患者下肢深静脉血栓形成(LDVT)的发生。方法：应用Wells评分联合血浆D-dimer检查对住院恶性肿瘤病人进行LDVT筛查，并对LDVT中危和高危病人行彩色多普勒超声检查进行确诊。对于检查未发生LDVT的卧床及行走能力差的患者，按其住院的先后顺序分为4组实施护理干预措施，具体的措施分别是健康教育干预、空气波干预、运动干预、空气波及运动干预，预防其在住院期间发生LDVT。结果：应用卡方检验两两比较发现，仅实施健康宣教组的病人其出院时的LDVT发生率高于其他各组，其他各组病人出院时的LDVT发生率差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：单纯健康教育对于预防住院恶性肿瘤患者的LDVT效果要差于运动干预或空气波干预，而运动干预与空气波干预对于预防住院恶性肿瘤患者的LDVT效果相同。

Abstract: Objective: Prevent LDVT of inpatients with malignant tumors. Method: The Wells grade and plasma D-dimer examination were used together to screen the LDVT in the inpatients, and B ultrasonic examination was used to diagnose LDVT. In order to check the patients who had not been in bed and walking ability of LDVT, the nursing intervention measures were divided into 4 groups according to the order of their hospitalization, including health education, physiotherapy, exercise only and physiotherapy combined with exercise, to prevent LDVT during their hospital stay. Results: Chi-squared test was used and found the LDVT incidence of inpatients receiving health education was higher than other 3 groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the other 3 groups in their LDVT incidences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of preventing LDVT of health education is worse than other nursing intervention. There is no difference of the effect on preventing LDVT between exercise and physiotherapy intervention.