大学生一般自我效能感、自我和谐与应对方式的关系研究

A Correlation Study among General Self-Efficacy, Self Consistency and Congruence and Coping Styles in College Students

摘要: 目的：探讨大学生一般自我效能感、自我和谐与应对方式的特点以及相互关系。方法：采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、自我和谐量表(SCCS)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对272名大学生进行测评。结果：(1) 大学生的一般自我效能感、自我和谐与应对方式均处于中等水平；(2) 在性别方面：大学生一般自我效能感存在显著差异，男生明显比女生的得分高(t = 4.30, p < 0.01)；在自我和谐的刻板性维度上存在显著差异，男生明显比女生的得分高(t = 3.60, p < 0.01)；在专业方面：大学生在应对方式的积极应对维度存在显著差异，文科生明显比理科生得分高(t = 2.63, p < 0.01)；(3) 一般自我效能感与积极应对呈显著正相关(r = 0.45, p < 0.01)；自我和谐与积极应对呈显著负相关(r = −0.23, p < 0.01)，与消极应对呈显著正相关(r = 0.41, p < 0.01)；结论：一般自我效能感、自我和谐能预测应对方式，两个回归模型的回归方程分别为：积极应对方式 = 1.45 + 0.37 × 一般自我效能感 − 0.004 × 自我和谐，消极应对方式 = −0.21 + 0.02 × 自我和谐。

Abstract: Objective: To explore college student’s characteristics of general self-efficacy, self consistency and congruence and coping styles, and the relations among the three variables. Method: 272 college students were evaluated with General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), self consistency and congruence scale (SCCS) and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). Results: (1) College students’ general self-efficacy, self consistency and congruence and coping styles are in the medium level; (2) There were significant differences between different genders in general self-efficacy (t = 4.30, p < 0.01) and self stereotyping (t = 3.60, p < 0.01); there are significant differences between liberal arts students and science major students (t = 2.63, p < 0.01); (3) General self-efficacy had positive correlated to positive coping styles (r = 0.45, p < 0.01); self consistency and congruence had negative correlated to positive coping styles (r = −0.23, p < 0.01), and had positive correlated to negative coping styles (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). Conclusions: College students’ general self-efficacy, self consistency and congruence can predict coping styles, the two regression equations of regression models are: positive coping styles = 1.45 + 0.37 × general self-efficacy − 0.004 × self consistency and congruence, negative coping styles = −0.21 + 0.02 × self consistency and congruence.