变截面钢板弹簧早期应力疲劳问题分析

Early Stress Fatigue Analysis of the Taper-Leaf Spring

摘要: 变截面钢板弹簧因其轻量化、低成本在汽车特别是商用车中得到广泛应用。然而早期应力疲劳断裂问题却一直存在于变截面板簧设计中，并且传统的板簧设计方法并不能很好的解决这一问题。本文依据某车型存在断裂问题的少片变截面钢板弹簧的基本设计参数，在CATIA中建立不同材料规格、不同抛物线系数的三维简化模型。然后导入ANSYS分析软件进行计算分析，得到钢板弹簧在满载负荷下的位移图与米塞斯应力云图。最后，对模型进行静力学对比分析。对少片变截面钢板弹簧来说，其抛物线部分及根部骑马螺栓处是最易发生应力疲劳区域，是板簧设计的薄弱环节。分析结果表明基于有限元的CAE分析技术可以较好的解决这一问题，并为实际生产中钢板弹簧的性能优化设计提供依据。

Abstract: Due to its light weight and low costing, taper-leaf spring has been widely used in automobiles, es-pecially in commercial vehicles. However, the early stress fatigue fracture problem is always in the designation of the taper-leaf spring and conventional design methods cannot solve the problem well. According to the basic design parameters of the taper-leaf spring used in some models which have fracture problems, some 3D simplified models with different materials and different parabola coefficients are set up in CATIA. Then, these models are put into the software of finite element analysis—ANSYS to calculate and output the results of displacement and Von-Mises stress. In the end, plenary statics analysis is done to the input models. For taper-leaf spring, the stress fatigue most likely occurs in its parabolic part and its root, which are the vulnerable spots of the leaf spring designation. The analysis results indicate that the CAE technology based on finite element analysis can be a better solution and provides a basis for the performance optimization design of the actual production of the leaf spring.