从弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”视角解读《为了清晨的笑容》

An Interpretation of “To Laugh in the Morning” from the Perspective of Freud’s Personality Structure

摘要: 《为了清晨的笑容》是美国作家约瑟夫•海勒生前未发表的一篇短篇小说，后来收录于《得过且过》，是反映当代美国社会问题的海勒式短篇小说。小说充满荒诞与黑色幽默，奈特的心理与行为充满悖论，看似荒谬、没有理性，却又表现出主人公无力与外部环境抗争的无奈与绝望。本文以弗洛伊德的“人格结构理论”作为理论基础，分别解析了奈特“本我”状态下情感的无节制放纵，“自我”状态下内心道德和情感的压抑以及“超我”状态下社会道德和情感的渴望回归，由此揭露了奈特充满矛盾的人格特征。

Abstract: To Laugh in the Morning is a short story written by American writer Joseph Heller, which was posthumously published and later collected in Catch as Catch Can. It is a Helleresque short story reflecting the social problems of America. Absurdity and black humor permeate the story. Nat’s psychology and actions are full of paradoxes. Although the plot seems absurd and irrational, it reveals the protagonist’s helplessness and despair for his inability to fight against the outward circumstances. Based on Freud’s personality structure, this paper analyzes Nat’s uncontrolled indulgence of emotion, the repression of morality and passion, and the return of social morality and internal emotion respectively in the state of id, ego and superego. Hence brings Nat’s contradictory personalities to light.