不同水环境评价方法的应用和讨论

Application and Discussion of Water Environment Evaluation Methods

摘要: 采用合理的水环境质量评价方法，可以客观反映河流断面的水质状况，为水环境管理和决策提供数据支撑。本文针对黄浦江上游来水部分河流断面，选择两种方法进行评价。通过分析2006~2015年的数据得出，单因子评价法是以最差水质指标为综合水质的类别，相对比较直观地反应水质状况，但其存在单个因子影响过大，无法确保评价结果的客观性。综合污染指数法是根据地区水环境污染特征，选取主要污染指标监测结果，利用相对标准值计算得出的，可以判断综合水质是否达到功能区的目标，但其无法判断水质类别。因此，在对河流的综合水质进行评价时，一定要综合不同评价方法，做好定性、定量和客观的评价，这可以保证评价的科学合理性，进而对河流污染治理工作提供更科学的数据支撑。

Abstract: Reasonable water quality assessment methods should be used to evaluate the water quality of the river sections, providing supporting data for water environment management and decision. Two methods were selected to evaluate water quality in the Huangpu River. According to the data analysis from 2006- 2015, it is shown that the single factor evaluation method based on the worst water quality indicator is relatively intuitive to response to water quality, but its impact of a single factor is too large, which can’t completely make sure of the objectivity of evaluation results. Comprehensive pollution index method was based on the characteristics of water environmental pollution in the area, and the main pollution indexes were selected to monitor water quality. It can estimate whether the comprehensive water quality reaches the goal of functional area expect its category. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation methods should be used in practice, which can assure the scientific rationality of the evaluation and provide more scientific data support for river pollution control.