[1]
|
Liu, L., et al. (2016) Global, Regional, and National Causes of under-5 Mortality in 2000-15: An Updated Systematic Analysis with Implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet, 388, 3027-3035.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8
|
[2]
|
Reed, C., et al. (2012) Development of the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) Score among Young Children with Respiratory Infections in South Africa. PLOS ONE, 7, e27793.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027793
|
[3]
|
Gallagher, K.E., et al. (2020) The Predictive Performance of a Pneumonia Severity Score in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative Children Presenting to Hospital in 7 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70, 1050-1057. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz350
|
[4]
|
Florin, T.A., et al. (2021) Development and Internal Validation of a Prediction Model to Risk Stratify Children with Suspected Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73, e2713-e2721.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1690
|
[5]
|
第四届全国小儿急救医学研讨会纪要[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 1995, 33(6): 370-373.
|
[6]
|
Araya, S., et al. (2016) Application of a Prognostic Scale to Estimate the Mortality of Children Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35, 369-373.
https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001018
|
[7]
|
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. and Altman, D.G. (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLOS Medicine, 6, e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
|
[8]
|
Chen, J., et al. (2022) Depressive Symptoms among Children and Adolescents in China during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, Article 870346.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870346
|
[9]
|
Wells, G.A., Shea, B., O’Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M. and Tugwell, P. (n.d.) The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses.
http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
|
[10]
|
Riley, R.D., Higgins, J.P. and Deeks, J.J. (2011) Interpretation of Random Effects Meta-Analyses. BMJ, 342, Article No. d549. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d549
|
[11]
|
Higgins, J.P., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J. and Altman, D.G. (2003) Measuring Inconsistency in Meta-Analyses. BMJ, 327, 557-560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
|
[12]
|
Valentania, V., Somasetia, D.H., Hilmanto, D., Setiabudi, D. and Nataprawira, H.M.N. (2021) Modified PIRO (Predisposition, Insult, Response, Organ Dysfunction) Severity Score as a Predictor for Mortality of Children with Pneumonia in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 16, 735.
https://doi.org/10.4081/mrm.2021.735
|
[13]
|
Simon, A.K., Hollander, G.A. and McMichael, A. (2015) Evolution of the Immune System in Humans from Infancy to Old Age. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282, Article ID: 20143085.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.3085
|
[14]
|
Carbonare, C.B., Carbonare, S.B. and Carneiro-Sampaio, M.M.S. (2005) Secretory Immunoglobulin A Obtained FROM Pooled Human Colostrum and Milk for Oral Passive Immunization. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 16, 574-581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00332.x
|
[15]
|
Følsgaard, N.V., et al. (2013) Pathogenic Bacteria Colonizing the Airways in Asymptomatic Neonates Stimulates Topical Inflammatory Mediator Release. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 187, 589-595.
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201207-1297OC
|
[16]
|
Ederveen, T.H.A., et al. (2018) Haemophilus Is Overrepresented in the Nasopharynx of Infants Hospitalized with RSV Infection and Associated with Increased Viral Load and Enhanced Mucosal CXCL8 Responses. Microbiome, 6, Article No. 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0395-y
|
[17]
|
Teo, S.M., et al. (2018) Airway Microbiota Dynamics Uncover a Critical Window for Interplay of Pathogenic Bacteria and Allergy in Childhood Respiratory Disease. Cell Host & Microbe, 24, 341-352.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.005
|
[18]
|
Subhi, R., et al. (2009) The Prevalence of Hypoxaemia among Ill Children in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70071-4
|
[19]
|
Li, M.Y., Kelly, J., Subhi, R., Were, W. and Duke, T. (2013) Global Use of the WHO Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 33, 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905512Y.0000000017
|
[20]
|
Rees, C.A., et al. (2021) External Validation of the RISC, RISC-Malawi, and PERCH Clinical Prediction Rules to Identify Risk of Death in Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia. Journal of Global Health, 11, Article ID: 04062.
https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04062
|
[21]
|
Ray, S., et al. (2017) PaO2/FIO2 Ratio Derived from the SpO2/FIO2 Ratio to Improve Mortality Prediction Using the Pediatric Index of Mortality-3 Score in Transported Intensive Care Admissions. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 18, e131-e136. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001075
|
[22]
|
Luo, J.-C., et al. (2022) Infrared Thermography-Based Body-Surface Thermal Inhomogeneity Monitoring to Assess the Severity of Hypoperfusion in Critically Ill Patients. Shock, 58, 366-373.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001998
|
[23]
|
郑卫星, 马春英. 儿童社区获得性肺炎临床特点及其死亡危险因素分析[J]. 河南预防医学杂志, 2019, 30(5): 325-328.
|
[24]
|
Zhang, Z., et al. (2020) Performance of Three Mortality Prediction Scores and Evaluation of Important Determinants in Eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units in China. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, Article 522.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00522
|
[25]
|
降钙素原急诊临床应用专家共识组. 降钙素原(PCT)急诊临床应用的专家共识[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2012, 21(9): 944-951.
|
[26]
|
王亚娟, 胡翼云, 杨永弘. C反应蛋白在儿科临床的应用[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 1999, 37(3): 56-58.
|
[27]
|
Yu, Y.-T., et al. (2021) Expert Consensus on the Use of Human Serum Albumin in Critically Ill Patients. Chinese Medical Journal, 134, 1639-1654. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001661
|
[28]
|
Vincent, J.-L., Dubois, M.-J., Navickis, R.J. and Wilkes, M.M. (2003) Hypoalbuminemia in Acute Illness: Is There a Rationale for Intervention? A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Controlled Trials. Annals of Surgery, 237, 319-334.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.SLA.0000055547.93484.87
|
[29]
|
Macpherson, L., et al. (2019) Risk Factors for Death among Children Aged 5-14 Years Hospitalised with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Kenya. BMJ Global Health, 4, e001715. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001715
|
[30]
|
Jroundi, I., et al. (2014) Risk Factors for a Poor Outcome among Children Admitted with Clinically Severe Pneumonia to a University Hospital in Rabat, Morocco. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28, 164-170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.027
|
[31]
|
Wang, L.J., Mu, S.-C., Lin, C.-H., Lin, M.-I. and Sung, T.-C. (2013) Fatal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: 18 Years in a Medical Center. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 54, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2012.11.003
|
[32]
|
Ramachandran, P., Nedunchelian, K., Vengatesan, A. and Suresh, S. (2012) Risk Factors for Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Children Aged 1-59 Months Admitted in a Referral Hospital. Indian Pediatrics, 49, 889-895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-012-0221-3
|
[33]
|
郑申健, 等. 重度腺病毒肺炎患儿预后不良相关危险因素[J]. 中国感染控制杂志, 2016, 15(8): 587-591.
|
[34]
|
Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) Diagnostic Accuracy of Time to First Positivity of Blood Cultures for Predicting Severe Clinical Outcomes in Children with Pneumonia-Related Bacteremia. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 68, 1241-1249.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2020-001473
|
[35]
|
Shi, T., et al. (2020) Risk Factors for Mortality from Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children Transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 61, 577-583.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.06.005
|
[36]
|
Shi, J., et al. (2020) A Case Series of Children with Adenovirus Pneumonia: Three-Year Experiences in a Tertiary PICU. BMC Pediatrics, 20, Article No. 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02269-5
|
[37]
|
Zhang, Q., Guo, Z., Bai, Z. and MacDonald, N.E. (2013) A 4 Year Prospective Study to Determine Risk Factors for Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children in Southern China. Pediatric Pulmonology, 48, 390-397.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.22608
|
[38]
|
Chisti, M.J., et al. (2013) Clinical Risk Factors of Death from Pneumonia in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in an Urban Critical Care Ward of Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 8, e73728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073728
|
[39]
|
Demers, A.-M., et al. (2000) Risk Factors for Mortality among Children Hospitalized Because of Acute Respiratory Infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 19, 424-432.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200005000-00007
|
[40]
|
陈敏, 等. 五岁以下重症肺炎患儿预后的危险因素[J]. 西部医学, 2019, 31(12): 1866-1870.
|
[41]
|
de-Miguel-Díez, J., et al. (2022) Sex-Differences in Incidence of Hospitalizations and in Hospital Mortality of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Children in Spain: A Population-Based Study. European Journal of Pediatrics, 181, 2705-2713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04478-9
|
[42]
|
Shahrin, L., et al. (2020) Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of 30-Day Mortality in Severe Acute Malnourished Children with Severe Pneumonia. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 25, 1422-1430.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13484
|
[43]
|
Bénet, T., et al. (2017) Severity of Pneumonia in under 5-Year-Old Children from Developing Countries: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97, 68-76.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0733
|
[44]
|
Lupisan, S.P., et al. (2007) Predictors of Death from Severe Pneumonia among Children 2-59 Months Old Hospitalized in Bohol, Philippines: Implications for Referral Criteria at a First-Level Health Facility. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12, 962-971. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01872.x
|
[45]
|
赵志红, 齐凤芹. 重症肺炎患儿中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶、血管细胞黏附分子-1的表达及其预后价值分析[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2022, 32(16): 19-24.
|
[46]
|
王刚祚, 赵继华, 刘景珍. 预测患儿预后价值肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿血浆半乳糖凝集素-3表达水平及其[J]. 创伤与急危重病医学, 2022, 10(4): 300-302.
|
[47]
|
曹璐, 雍素云, 张鹏, 李茁. 重症监护病房重症肺炎婴儿死亡危险因素分析[J]. 中国药业, 2022, 31(1): 119-123.
|
[48]
|
黎小梅, 夏宏, 郑应莲, 毛国其. 外周血纤维蛋白降解产物、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对重症肺炎患儿预后的评估价值[J]. 儿科药学杂志, 2021, 27(2): 5-9.
|
[49]
|
李玉华, 等. 重症肺炎患儿血清颗粒蛋白前体、血清淀粉样蛋白A水平变化及其与病情和预后的关系[J]. 山东医药, 2021, 61(16): 16-19.
|
[50]
|
吴敬银. 红细胞分布宽度联合PCT对重症肺炎患儿预后的预测价值分析[J]. 基层医学论坛, 2021, 25(28): 4031-4034.
|
[51]
|
张永超, 高罡. 强离子隙阴离子间隙白蛋白校正的阴离子间隙和白蛋白对重症肺炎患儿预后的评估价值[J]. 安徽医学, 2019, 40(10): 1138-1141.
|
[52]
|
罗新兵, 李敬风. 重症肺炎患儿血清和肽素水平变化及其临床意义[J]. 实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2018, 26(2): 136-138.
|
[53]
|
梁粤. 广东梅州地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎死亡的危险因素分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2015, 30(22): 3809-3811.
|
[54]
|
张秀梅, 孙雨葳. 西宁地区婴幼儿重症肺炎死亡危险因素分析[J]. 青海医药杂志, 2007, 37(8): 16-18.
|
[55]
|
Xu, X.H., et al. (2023) Analysis of Mortality Risk Factors in Children with Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 64, 280-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.016
|
[56]
|
Tegenu, K., Geleto, G., Tilahun, D., Bayana, E. and Bereke, B. (2022) Severe Pneumonia: Treatment Outcome and Its Determinant Factors among Under-Five Patients, Jimma, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, Article ID: 20503121221078445. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221078445
|