2003~2015年乌鲁木齐城市热岛时空变化及其植被和不透水面变化的关系

Spatial-Temporal Variation of Urban Heat Island and Its Relationship with Vegetation and Impervious Water Surface in Urumqi from 2003 to 2015

摘要: 研究城市热岛效应已成为当前研究者们探究的热点问题。与此同时，城市植被的优化作为缓解热岛效应显著有效的措施，也被愈来愈多的学者进行研究。选取乌鲁木齐市作为研究区域，基于MODIS遥感卫星数据，利用遥感图像分析2003~2015年乌鲁木齐的城市热岛时空和植被变化的关系。结果表明乌鲁木齐2003年~2015年来整体上城市的温度最高，但不同季节差异较大，夏季草地温度最高，农田、水体的温度比较低；以农田为参照估算城市热岛强度时，城市表现为明显的热岛效应，夜晚略大于白天，随时间呈现上升趋势；以草地为参照估算城市热岛强度时，在冬季城市白天热岛强度最高，而夏季白天热岛强度最低；乌鲁木齐市中城市的不透水面比例最高，也导致了乌鲁木齐市区的温度比其他土地覆盖面高；其他土地覆盖类型的不透水面比例较低。

Abstract: Urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a hot topic for researchers. At the same time, the optimization of urban vegetation, as a significant and effective measure to mitigate the heat island effect, has been studied by more and more scholars. Urumqi was selected as the research area. Based on MODIS remote sensing satellite data, remote sensing images were used to analyze the spatio-temporal relationship between urban heat island and vegetation change in Urumqi from 2003 to 2015. The results showed that the temperature of Urumqi was the highest in the whole city from 2003 to 2015, but there was a big difference in different seasons. The temperature of grassland was the highest in summer, while the temperature of farmland and water body was lower. When the urban heat island intensity was estimated based on farmland, the urban heat island effect was obvious, which was slightly larger at night than at day, and showed an increasing trend with time. When the urban heat island intensity was estimated based on grassland, the daytime heat island intensity was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The proportion of impervious water surface in Urumqi city is the highest, which also leads to higher temperature in Urumqi urban area than other land coverage. Other land cover types have lower impervious water surface proportions.