32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的临床研究
Clinical Research of 32P Application Combined with Timolol Maleate in the Treatment of Infantile Cutaneous Hemangioma
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2020.108249, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 510  浏览: 1,813  科研立项经费支持
作者: 冯艳丽*:邢台市人民医院,检验科,河北 邢台;任庆国:邢台市人民医院,儿科,河北 邢台
关键词: 32P敷贴马来酸噻吗洛尔婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤非选择性β受体阻滞剂临床研究32P Application Timolol Maleate Infantile Cutaneous Hemangioma Non-Selective Beta Blocker Clinical Study
摘要: 目的:本研究拟探讨32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的价值,并且进一步评估该联合作用在治愈效果方面的优势比。方法:本研究收集本医院0~6岁被诊断为皮肤血管瘤的患者80例,详细记录患者的性别、年龄等基本情况。将患者随机分为4组,第一组采取口服非选择性β受体阻滞剂进行治疗(n = 20),第二组采取32P敷贴进行治疗(n = 20),第三组采取马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷进行治疗(n = 20),第四组采取32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷进行治疗(n = 20)。采用皮尔逊卡方检验、斯皮尔曼检验比较治愈方式与治愈效果进行相关性分析。采用单因素logistic回归分析计算临床参数对皮肤血管瘤治愈效果的比值比(odd ratio, OR)。结果:不同的治疗方式间的治疗效果具有统计学意义(P = 0.003)。在32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷组中,治愈率达到70.0%;在马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷组,治愈率达到55.0%;单独32P敷贴治疗组中,治愈率达到45.0%;在非选择性β受体阻滞剂组中,治愈率达到25.0%。在不同的治疗方式中,与非选择性β受体阻滞剂相比,32P敷贴(OR = 0.407, 95% CI: 0.106~1.559, P = 0.190),马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷(OR = 0.273, 95% CI: 0.071~1.043, P = 0.058)对治愈效果无显著影响,然而32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔(OR = 0.143, 95% CI: 0.035~0.575, P = 0.006)对皮肤血管瘤的治愈效果具有显著的优势意义。通过特征性工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,简称ROC曲线)分析得出,治疗方式与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果的关联度很强(AUC = 0.681, P = 0.005)。结论:32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔可以提高婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的治愈率和治疗效果。
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of 32P application combined with timolol maleate in the treatment of infantile cutaneous hemangioma, and to further evaluate the preponderance of the combined effect on the curative effect. Methods: In this study, 80 patients aged 0~6 years who were diagnosed with cutaneous hemangioma in our hospital were collected, and their basic information such as gender and age were recorded in detail. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: the first group was treated with oral non-selective -blocker (n = 20); the second group was treated with 32P application (n = 20); the third group was treated with timolol maleate external application (n = 20); the fourth group was treated with 32P application combined with timolol maleate external application (n = 20). Pearson chi-square test and Spielman test were used to compare the therapeutic methods and curative effects. The odd ratio (OR) of clinical parameters for the curative effect of cutaneous hemangioma was calculated by single factor Logistic regression analysis. Results: The therapeutic effect of different treatment methods was statistically significant (P = 0.003). In 32P application combined with timolol maleate external application group, the cure rate reached 70.0%. In timolol maleate external application group, the cure rate reached 55.0%. In the 32P group alone, the cure rate reached 45.0%. In the non-selective beta blocker group, the cure rate was 25.0%. Compared with non-selective beta blockers, 32P application (OR = 0.407, 95% CI: 0.106~1.559, P = 0.190) and timolol maleate external application (OR = 0.273, 95% CI: 0.071~1.043, P = 0.058) had no significant effect on the curative effect. However, 32P application combined with timolol maleate (OR = 0.143, 95% CI: 0.035~0.575, P = 0.006) has a significant advantage in the effect of cutaneous hemangioma. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, there is a strong correlation between treatment and the curative effect of cutaneous hemangioma (AUC = 0.681, P = 0.005). Conclusion: 32P application combined with timolol maleate can improve the cure rate and treatment effect of infantile cutaneous hemangioma.
文章引用:冯艳丽, 任庆国. 32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的临床研究[J]. 临床医学进展, 2020, 10(8): 1663-1670. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2020.108249

1. 引言

婴幼儿血管瘤(infantile hemangioma, IH)是儿童最常见的良性肿瘤,发病率约为4%~5%,且呈逐年升高趋势 [1] [2] [3] [4]。婴幼儿血管瘤的治疗方法有多种,包括口服或局部应用糖皮质激素、局部注射平阳霉素、手术、激光、32P敷贴、和冷冻等,但目前公认的一线治疗是口服非选择性β受体阻滞剂 [5] [6]。

目前治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的方法有多种,各种治疗方法的治疗效果各有不同 [2] [7]。近几年,局部应用马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的报道逐渐增多,但联合治疗的相关报道少见。在新的更有效的血管瘤治疗药物发现以前,制定联合治疗方案以提高临床治愈率和治疗效果成为近几年的研究热点。目前,有学者提出对于婴幼儿体表血管瘤,β射线是一种安全、简便、疗效高、费用低、痛苦少的治疗措施,其对婴幼儿体表血管瘤的治疗具有广阔的应用前景 [8]。同时,Zhang等发现普萘洛尔联合使用0.5%马来酸噻莫洛尔溶液或脉冲染料激光是一种有效的治疗方法,治疗儿童毛细血管扩张和色素沉着效果明显,可显著提高有效率 [9]。研究表明马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿血管瘤疗效显著,不良反应极小,且药物浓度可能是影响临床疗效的因素之一 [10] [11] [12]。然而,关于32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷治疗婴幼儿血管瘤临床分析的报道尚不明确。

因此本研究拟探讨和验证32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷与婴幼儿血管瘤的治愈率和治疗疗效,这一研究可能为婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的临床治疗提供参考依据。

2. 方法

2.1. 研究对象

研究期内2019年1月至2020年5月来我科治疗的婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤患者。纳入指标:年龄为0~6岁,初次诊断为皮肤血管瘤,未经过其它治疗。排除指标:年龄 > 6岁,心肺功能不全,体质虚弱,未能取得患者监护人的同意。

伦理和书面知情同意:本研究通过了本院伦理委员会的批准,并且经患者法定监护人进行签字同意。患者皮肤外用马来酸噻吗洛时可能出现过敏情况,研究者对此设有应急预案,包括备齐抢救用品、药品。轻微过敏,开具抗过敏药物,密切观察;严重过敏,及时抢救,情况稳定后继续密切观察。

2.2. 研究过程

选取来我院治疗的80名婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤患者,记录患儿的基本资料。采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组,第一组采取口服非选择性β受体阻滞剂进行治疗(n = 20),第二组采取32P敷贴进行治疗(n = 20),第三组采取马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷进行治疗(n = 20),第四组采取32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷进行治疗(n = 20)。第四组采用联合治疗方案:第一个疗程32P敷贴进行治疗,两个月后则单独采用广东宏盈科技有限公司生产的0.5%的马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液外用治疗。将棉布剪成血管瘤大小,用噻吗洛尔浸湿,以不滴水为度,然后敷于血管瘤处,外面用保鲜膜进行密封,以防止液体挥发,每次敷贴时间为30 min,每天敷贴3次,间隔时间大于6 h。家长严格按照医师的指导下用药,用药后密切观察患儿的呼吸、心率、腹泻及皮肤颜色变化,如出现皮肤过敏等不良反应,立即停止用药,全程进行跟踪观察。三个月后进行复诊,观察并记录最终疗效,对所有患者随访观察1年,治疗前后拍照留存。

2.3. 评价方法

根据患者血管瘤消失情况进行结果判定,完全或基本完全消失为治愈,部分消失为有效,治疗前后无明显变化甚至恶化为无效。

2.4. 统计学分析

本研究采用数值(百分比)来表示患者的基线资料。利用皮尔森卡方检验对皮肤血管瘤患者的临床参数和治疗效果进行相关测试,进一步利用斯皮尔曼相关性分析进行探索治疗方式与治疗效果之间的关系,利用单因素逻辑回归分析和特征性工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,简称ROC曲线)研究不同治疗方式对皮肤血管瘤患者的治疗效果的影响。所有统计分析均使用SPSS软件23.0进行(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA),P值 < 0.05认为有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 皮肤血管瘤患者的临床参数基本信息

通过皮尔森卡方检验得出性别(P = 0.758)、年龄(P = 0.117)与皮肤血管瘤患者的治疗情况无显著意义。然而,不同的治疗方式间的治疗效果具有统计学意义(P = 0.003)。在32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷组中,治愈率达到70.0%;在马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷组,治愈率达到55.0%;单独32P敷贴治疗组中,治愈率达到45.0%;在非选择性β受体阻滞剂组中,治愈率达到25.0%。可以得出32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔可以提高婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的治愈率和治疗效果(见表1)。

Table 1. Clinical parameters of patients with cutaneous hemangioma and the therapeutic effect

表1. 皮肤血管瘤患者的临床参数与治疗效果

Pearson’s chi-squared test was used. *P < 0.05.

3.2. 不同的治疗方式与治疗效果之间的关系

为了确定临床相关参数及不同治疗方式是否对皮肤血管瘤治愈效果有重要影响,我们进一步进行相关分析。Spearman的相关系数显示,性别(ρ = −0.076, P = 0.505)、年龄(ρ = −0.215, P = 0.055)与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果之间没有进一步的关联。然而,治疗方式(ρ = −0.273, P = 0.014)和皮肤血管瘤治愈效果之间有显著相关性(见表2)。

Table 2. Relationship between therapeutic methods and therapeutic effect

表2. 治疗方式与治疗效果之间的关系

Spearman correlation test was used. *P < 0.05.

3.3. 单因素Logistic回归对皮肤血管瘤治愈效果相关因素的比例回归分析

此外,本研究采用单变量logistic回归分析相关临床参数与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果的相关性,进一步确定皮肤血管瘤治愈的优势因素。单因素逻辑回归分析描述了研究对象在单变量水平上的比值比(odd radios, ORs)和95% 可信区间(confidence interval, CI),并得出性别(OR = 0.781, 95% CI: 0.313~1.950, P = 0.597)、年龄(OR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.200~1.212, P < 0.123)与皮肤血管瘤的治愈效果没有显著的相关性。在不同的治疗方式中,与非选择性β受体阻滞剂相比,32P敷贴(OR = 0.407, 95% CI: 0.106~1.559, P = 0.190),马来酸噻吗洛尔外敷(OR = 0.273, 95% CI: 0.071~1.043, P = 0.058)对治愈效果无显著影响,然而32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔(OR = 0.143, 95% CI: 0.035~0.575, P = 0.006)对皮肤血管瘤的至于效果具有显著的优势意义(见表3)。

Table 3. Different therapeutic methods on therapeutic effect of patients with cutaneous hemangioma by logistic regression analysis

表3. 不同治疗方式对皮肤血管瘤患者的治疗效果的逻辑回归分析

OR, odd ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. * P < 0.05.

3.4. ROC曲线分析

通过ROC曲线分析得出,性别与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果没有关联度[曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC) = 0.528, P = 0.661]。年龄与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果没有关联度[曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC) = 0.586, P = 0.187]。治疗方式与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果的关联度很强(AUC = 0.681, P = 0.005) (见图1)。

Figure 1. ROC curve of the predictive value between clinical parameters and therapeutic effect of cutaneous hemangioma

图1. 各临床参数与皮肤血管瘤治愈效果的ROC曲线

4. 讨论

本研究通过分析得出32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔可以提高婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的治愈率和治疗效果。

由于患儿年龄小,多种手术治疗方式受限,再加上术中创伤、术后伤口疼痛及疤痕形成等对美观产生了影响,加重了家长的心理负担;而全身性药物治疗(如普萘洛尔)多有不同程度的副作用 [13] [14],因此,临床医生治疗婴幼儿体表血管瘤的方式多选择联合治疗方式。

血管瘤(IHs)虽然是婴幼儿良性的肿瘤,但IH可能导致畸形和其他严重的并发症 [15]。眼周IH可导致继发性散光、屈光参差和斜视引起的弱视迅速出现视力丧失,因此可能需要立即采取干预措施以防止永久性失明等并发症 [16]。大量研究认为停止血管瘤生长的中间作用被归因于低氧诱导因子(HIF)-1的抑制,与促血管生成因子如血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和基质金属蛋白酶 [17] [18] 的产生减少相关。而作为一种长期效应,人们认为通过抑制抗凋亡酪氨酸激酶(SRC)介导的内皮细胞存活信号,促进细胞凋亡。在局部抑制肾上腺素能1周后,IH内观察到细胞凋亡,这一发现支持了血管瘤生长的增殖阶段抑制内皮细胞的显著作用。

马来酸噻莫洛尔是一种具有部分亲脂性的非选择性β-肾上腺能受体拮抗剂,可增强透皮吸收,可减少眼周IH,副作用极小 [19]。它被越来越多地认为是口服普萘洛尔治疗浅表及深部眼周IHs的替代选择。另一方面,有研究表明心得安(盐酸普萘洛尔)最近被证明可以减少早产儿 [20] [21] 视网膜病变的疾病进展的机会。其作用机制被认为类似于对IH的作用,即通过抑制HIF-1和一氧化氮合酶来降低缺氧视网膜内血管内皮生长因子的表达(和血管生成)。Puttgen等发现噻莫洛尔是一种耐受性好、安全的治疗选择,无论预处理大小如何,在浅表性IHs中具有中度到良好的疗效。噻莫洛尔可以推荐作为全身阻断剂的替代品 [10]。

另一方面,核素32P简易敷贴就是利用放射性核素32P制成,核素32P发射纯β射线。放射性核素(射线)具有较强的电离能力,较弱的穿透力,在组织内的射程仅几毫米。有实验证明,一定剂量的放射性核素作为一种外照射紧贴于病变部位,通过射线对病变部位的电离辐射生物效应,可以减少细胞分裂速度,延长核分裂间期,闭塞微血管,从而达到治疗目的 [8] [22] [23]。因此,我们的研究证实32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔对患儿皮肤血管瘤的治愈率和治疗效果有显著提高。

5. 结论

综上,本研究证实32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔可以提高婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的治愈率和治疗效果。这一发现可能为皮肤血管瘤患儿的治疗和预后提供一个新的视角。

致谢

本研究由河北省卫生厅青年科技课题(批准编号20201580,课题名称为32P敷贴联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤的应用研究)资助,以表感谢。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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