学校工作的任务类型转变与教育改革的方向

The Transformation of Task Type in School Work and the Direction of Education Reform

摘要: 我国自2001年开始的中小学新课程改革和2010年发布的《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》以及2015年国务院印发的《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》表明，从中小学到大学的学校工作任务需要从传统的重复性、算法式、机械式、灌输式、常规性的类型转变为非常规性的、探究式的、挑战性的、复杂性的、需要发挥创造性的工作类型。这种学校工作任务类型的转变需要配套支持性的政策和行政管理环境，然而，反观现有的宏观政策和地方行政管理措施不仅未能提供相应的配套和支持，一些相关政策的方向却愈来愈对这种转变形成制约，令教育改革目标难以真正落实，学校工作的任务类型不仅无法转变，而且容易陷入传统的重复性、算法式、机械式、常规性的任务陷阱。

Abstract: The New Curriculum Reform in primary and secondary schools in 2001, “National medium and long term educational reform and development plan (2010-2020)” in 2010, and “Overall plan to promote the development of world-class universities and first-class disciplines” in 2015 show that the task types of work in primary and secondary schools, and universities require transformation from traditional repetitive, algorithmic, mechanical, infusion and conventional types to unconventional, heuristic, challenging, complex, creative types. This transformation of work type needs supportive policies and administrative context. While the existing macro policies and local administration measures have not only failed to provide corresponding support, but the direction of many policies has formed the opposite reaction to this kind of transformation, which makes the goal of the education reform hard to implement. The task type of school work is not only unable to change, but also increasingly caught in the traditional repetitive, algorithmic, mechanical and routine task traps.