重庆武隆区耕地撂荒空间分布与驱动因素

Distribution and Driving Forces Analysis of Abandoned Cultivated Land in Wulong District, Chongqing

摘要: 随着城市化以及农村发展转型，耕地撂荒在全球范围内呈现出加速扩散和蔓延的态势。近年来，我国耕地撂荒也频见报道，尤其是在山区。但是，我国目前的耕地撂荒数据多以小区域的调查数据为主，难以提供撂荒耕地的详细空间信息，不利于全面了解撂荒耕地的规模以及空间分布特征。因此，本文选取了具有典型山地特征的重庆市武隆区作为研究区，以2005年和2011年土地利用图作为基础，通过耕地的转移变化提取了武隆区耕地撂荒空间分布现状。结果表明，2005年，武隆区耕地总面积为819.02 km²；2005~2011年间，区内耕地撂荒面积为101.86 km²，撂荒率为12.44%。其中，水田撂荒面积15.96 km²，旱地撂荒面积85.9 km²，耕地的撂荒主要以旱地为主。在撂荒耕地的影响因素方面，高程、坡度和劳动力因素对耕地撂荒的影响较为明显。

Abstract: Due to the rapid urbanization and rural development transformation, cropland abandonment has shown accelerating expansion trends worldwide. In recent years, phenomenon of cropland aban-donment in China is also frequently reported, especially in the mountainous areas. However, most of the previous researches on cropland abandonment are based on the survey data in a small region, which could not provide the detailed spatial information. The demerits of cropland abandonment data go against the understanding of the size and spatial distribution characteristics of abandoned cropland. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution of cropland abandonment in Wulong County of Chongqing Municipality. To identify the abandoned cropland, we analyzed the conversions of cropland based on the land use map in 2005 and 2011. The results show that: 1) in 2005, the cropland area of Wulong County was as high as 819.02 km²; 2) during 2005-2011, the total area of abandoned cropland was 101.86 km², accounts for 12.44% of cropland area; 3) the abandoned cropland were mainly converted from the dry land, reaching 85.9 km², while the abandoned area converted from the irrigated land was only 15.96 km²; 4) elevation, slope, and labor force are the key factors driving the cropland abandonment.