室内盆栽植物在净化空气中的应用初探

Application of Indoor Potted Plants in Purifying Air

摘要: 选用6种常见观赏性植物，用PE膜将基质与茎叶部分隔开，放入自制的甲醛熏蒸箱中，对植物进行熏蒸试验，并测量叶面积和熏蒸前后甲醛的变化量，对净吸收率和单位叶面积吸收甲醛量进行显著性分析。结果表明：1) 银皇后(Aglaonema “SilverQueen”) (30.24% ± 1.03%)吸收甲醛气体的效率极显著于绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (17.14% ± 3.15%)、万年青(Rohdea japonica) (15.34% ± 0.68%)、吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (8.20% ± 2.03%)，显著于发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (20.10% ± 3.26%)，银皇后(Aglaonema “SilverQueen”) (30.24% ± 1.03%)和海芋(Alocasiamacrorrhizos) (25.06% ± 2.72%)不显著；海芋(Alocasiamacrorrhizos) (25.06 ± 2.72%)极显著于吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (8.20 ± 2.03%)，显著高于绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (17.14% ± 3.15%)和万年青(Rohdea japonica) (15.34% ± 0.68%)，海芋(Alocasiamacrorrhizos) (25.06% ± 2.72%)和发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (20.10% ± 3.26%)不显著；发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (20.10% ± 3.26%)吸收甲醛气体的效率极显著于吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (8.20% ± 2.03%)，发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (20.10% ± 3.26%)和绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (17.14% ± 3.15%)、万年青(Rohdea japonica) (15.34% ± 0.68%)不显著；绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (17.14% ± 3.15%)和万年青(Rohdea japonica) (15.34% ± 0.68%)吸收甲醛气体的效率显著于吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (8.20% ± 2.03%)。2) 发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (4.16 ± 0.25 mg∙m⁻²)、银皇后(Aglaonema “SilverQueen”) (3.88 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²)、海芋(Alocasiamacrorrhizos) (3.81 ± 0.17 mg∙m⁻²)吸收甲醛气体的能力极显著于吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (0.79 ± 0.14 mg∙m⁻²)，显著于万年青(Rohdea japonica) (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²)和绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²)，发财树(Pachiramacrocarpa) (4.16 ± 0.25 mg∙m⁻²)、银皇后(Aglaonema “SilverQueen”) (3.88 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²)和海芋(Alocasiamacrorrhizos) (3.81 ± 0.17 mg∙m⁻²)不显著；万年青(Rohdea japonica) (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²)、绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²)吸收甲醛气体的能力显著于吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula) (0.79 ± 0.14 mg∙m⁻²)，万年青(Rohdea japonica) (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²)和绿萝(Scindapsus aureus) (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²)差异不显著。由此可以得出：6种观赏性植物对空气中的甲醛均有显著性的吸收，植物种类不同，其吸收能力也不同。

Abstract: Six kinds of ornamental plants were selected. The substrate was separated from the stem and leaf by PE film. The frying test was carried out in the formaldehyde fumigation box. The fumigation test was carried out on the plant and the amount of formaldehyde was measured before and after fumigation. Net absorption rate and unit leaf area to absorb formaldehyde were analyzed. The results show: 1) Aglaonema “SilverQueen” (30.24% ± 1.03%) absorption of formaldehyde gas efficiency significantly in Scindapsus aureus (17.14% ± 3.15%), Rohdea japonica (15.34% ± 0.68%), Zebrina pendula (8.20% ± 2.03%), PachiraMacrocarpa (20.10% ± 3.26%), Aglaonema “SilverQueen” (30.24% ± 1.03%) and Alocasiamacrorrhizos (25.06% ± 2.72%) no significant Alocasiamacrorrhizos (25.06% ± 2.72%) significantly to Zebrina pendula (8.20% ± 2.03%), significantly higher than the Scindapsus aureus (17.14% ± 3.15%) and Rohdea japonica (15.34% ± 0.68%), Alocasiamacrorrhizos (25.06% ± 2.72%) and Pachiramacrocarpa (20.10% ± 3.26%) no significant Pachiramacrocarpa (20.10% ± 3.26%) absorption of formaldehyde gas efficiency significantly in Zebrina pendula (8.20% ± 2.03%), Pachiramacrocarpa (20.10% ± 3.26%) and Scindapsus aureus (17.14% ± 3.15%), Rohdea japonica (15.34% ± 0.68%) not significant; Scindapsus aureus (17.14% ± 3.15%) and Rohdea japonica (15.34% ± 0.68%) the efficiency of absorption of formaldehyde gas inZebrina pendula (8.20% ± 2.03%). 2) Pachiramacrocarpa (4.16 ± 0.25 mg∙m⁻²), Aglaonema “SilverQueen” (3.88 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²), Alocasiamacrorrhizos (3.81 ± 0.17 mg∙m⁻²) absorption of formaldehyde gas significantly from Zebrina pendula (0.79 ± 0.14 mg∙m⁻²), in Rohdea japonica (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²) andScindapsus aureus (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²), Pachiramacrocarpa (4.16 ± 0.25 mg∙m⁻²), Aglaonema “SilverQueen” (3.88 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²) and Alocasiamacrorrhizos (3.81 ± 0.17 mg∙m⁻²) is not significant; Rohdea japonica (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²), Scindapsus aureus (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²) ability to absorb formaldehyde Zebrina pendula (0.79 ± 0.14 mg∙m⁻²), Rohdea japonica (1.98 ± 0.09 mg∙m⁻²) and Scindapsus aureus (1.90 ± 0.44 mg∙m⁻²) the difference was not significant. Thus it can be concluded that: six species of ornamental plants have significant absorption of formaldehyde in the air, different types of plants, their absorptive capacity are also different.