[1]
|
Benjamin, E.J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., et al. (2019) Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139, e56-e528.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659
|
[2]
|
Börschel, C.S., Ohlrogge, A.H., Geelhoed, B., et al. (2021) Risk Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation in the Community Combining Biomarkers and Genetics. EP Europace, 23, 674-681.
https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa334
|
[3]
|
Tian, X., Zhang, X.J., Yuan, Y.F., et al. (2020) Morphological and Functional Parameters of Left Atrial Appendage Play a Greater Role in Atrial Fibrillation Relapse af-ter Radiofrequency Ablation. Scientific Reports, 10, Article No. 8072.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65056-3
|
[4]
|
Wolf, P.A., Abbott, R.D. and Kannel, W.B. (1991) Atrial Fibrillation as an Independent Risk Factor for Stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke, 22, 983-988.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.22.8.983
|
[5]
|
Jagadish, P.S. and Kabra, R. (2019) Stroke Risk in Atrial Fi-brillation: Beyond the CHA2DS2-VASc Score. Current Cardiology Reports, 21, Article No. 95.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-019-1189-6
|
[6]
|
Li, J., Li, Q., Alqahtany, F.S., et al. (2021) Evaluating the Novel Parameters for Assessing the LAA Function and Thrombus Formation with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 560-565.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.041
|
[7]
|
Ding, W.Y., Lip, G.Y.H. and Gupta, D. (2022) Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion—A Choice or a Last Resort? How to Approach the Patient. Interventional Cardiology Clinics, 11, 135-142.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccl.2021.11.006
|
[8]
|
Kuniewicz, M., Budnicka, K., Dusza, M., et al. (2023) Gross Anatomic Relationship between the Human Left Atrial Appendage and the Left Ventricular Summit Region: Im-plications for Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from the Left Ventricular Summit. Journal of In-terventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 66, 301-310.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-022-01172-6
|
[9]
|
Al-Saady, N.M., Obel, O.A. and Camm, A.J. (1999) Left Atrial Appendage: Structure, Function, and Role in Thromboembolism. Heart, 82, 547-554.
https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.82.5.547
|
[10]
|
Shimada, M., Akaishi, M. and Kobayashi, T. (2020) Left Atrial Ap-pendage Morphology and Cardiac Function in Patients with Sinus Rhythm. Journal of Echocardiography, 18, 117-124.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12574-020-00462-0
|
[11]
|
Blackshear, J.L. and Odell, J.A. (1996) Appendage Oblite-ration to Reduce Stroke in Cardiac Surgical Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 61, 755-759.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(95)00887-X
|
[12]
|
Ho, S.Y., Cabrera, J.A. and Sanchez-Quintana, D. (2012) Left Atrial Anatomy Revisited. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 5, 220-228.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.111.962720
|
[13]
|
Su, P., Mccarthy, K.P. and Ho, S.Y. (2008) Occluding the Left Atrial Appendage: Anatomical Considerations. Heart, 94, 1166-1170.
https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2006.111989
|
[14]
|
Shinoda, K., Hayashi, S., Fukuoka, D., et al. (2016) Structural Comparison between the Right and Left Atrial Appendages Using Multidetector Computed Tomography. BioMed Re-search International, 2016, Article ID: 6492183.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6492183
|
[15]
|
He, J., Fu, Z., Yang, L., et al. (2020) The Predictive Value of a Concise Classification of Left Atrial Appendage Morphology to Thrombosis in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Clinical Cardiology, 43, 789-795.
https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23381
|
[16]
|
Gong, S., Zhou, J., Li, B., et al. (2021) The Association of Left Atrial Appendage Morphology to Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Radiofrequency Ablation. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8, Article 677885.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.677885
|
[17]
|
Di Biase, L., Santangeli, P., Anselmino, M., et al. (2012) Does the Left Atrial Appendage Morphology Correlate with the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation? Re-sults from a Multicenter Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 60, 531-538.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.032
|
[18]
|
Lupercio, F., Carlos Ruiz, J., Briceno, D.F., et al. (2016) Left Atrial Appendage Morphology Assessment for Risk Stratification of Embolic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis. Heart Rhythm, 13, 1402-1409.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.03.042
|
[19]
|
Lee, J.M., Seo, J., Uhm, J.S., et al. (2015) Why Is Left Atri-al Appendage Morphology Related to Strokes? An Analysis of the Flow Velocity and Orifice Size of the Left Atrial Ap-pendage. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 26, 922-927.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12710
|
[20]
|
Kimura, T., Takatsuki, S., Inagawa, K., et al. (2013) Anatomical Char-acteristics of the Left Atrial Appendage in Cardiogenic Stroke with Low CHADS2 Scores. Heart Rhythm, 10, 921-925.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.036
|
[21]
|
Wang, Y., Di Biase, L., Horton, R.P., et al. (2010) Left Atrial Appendage Studied by Computed Tomography to Help Planning for Appendage Closure Device Placement. Jour-nal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21, 973-982.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01814.x
|
[22]
|
Elkind, M.S.V. (2018) Atrial Cardiopathy and Stroke Prevention. Current Cardiology Reports, 20, Article No. 103.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-018-1053-0
|
[23]
|
Miki, Y., Uchida, Y., Tanaka, A., et al. (2022) Clinical Sig-nificance of the Left Atrial Appendage Orifice Area. Internal Medicine, 61, 1801-1807.
https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.8301-21
|
[24]
|
Beinart, R., Heist, E.K., Newell, J.B., et al. (2011) Left Atrial Appendage Dimensions Predict the Risk of Stroke/TIA in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovas-cular Electrophysiology, 22, 10-15.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01854.x
|
[25]
|
Karim, N., Ho, S.Y., Nicol, E., et al. (2020) The Left Atrial Appendage in Humans: Structure, Physiology, and Pathogenesis. EP Europace, 22, 5-18.
https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz212
|
[26]
|
Jeong, W.K., Choi, J.H., Son, J.P., et al. (2016) Volume and Morphology of Left Atrial Appendage as Determinants of Stroke Subtype in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 13, 820-827.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.12.026
|
[27]
|
Petersen, M., Roehrich, A., Balzer, J., et al. (2015) Left Atrial Appendage Morphology Is Closely Associated with Specific Echocardiographic Flow Pattern in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. EP Europace, 17, 539-545.
https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu347
|
[28]
|
Wang, F., Zhu, M., Wang, X., et al. (2018) Predictive Value of Left Atrial Appendage Lobes on Left Atrial Thrombus or Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 18, Article No. 153.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-018-0889-y
|
[29]
|
Wysokinski, W.E., Ammash, N., Sobande, F., et al. (2010) Predicting Left Atrial Thrombi in Atrial Fibrillation. American Heart Journal, 159, 665-671.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.043
|
[30]
|
Porte, J.M., Cormier, B., Iung, B., et al. (1996) Early Assess-ment by Transesophageal Echocardiography of Left Atrial Appendage Function after Percutaneous Mitral Commis-surotomy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 77, 72-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(97)89137-0
|
[31]
|
Celi, S., Martini, N., Pastormerlo, L.E., et al. (2017) Multimodality Imaging for Interventional Cardiology. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23, 3285-3300.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170704171702
|
[32]
|
Wegner, F.K., Radke, R., Ellermann, C., et al. (2022) Incidence and Predictors of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus on Transesophageal Echocardiography before Elec-tive Cardioversion. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 3671.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07428-5
|
[33]
|
Enriquez, A., Saenz, L.C., Rosso, R., et al. (2018) Use of Intracardiac Echocardiography in Interventional Cardiology: Working with the Anatomy Rather than Fighting It. Circula-tion, 137, 2278-2294.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031343
|
[34]
|
Weng, S., Tang, M., Zhou, B., et al. (2022) Spatial Distribution of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating around the Pulmonary Root: Lessons from Intra-cardiac Echocardiography. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 8, 665- 676.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.01.020
|
[35]
|
Ikegami, Y., Tanimoto, K., Inagawa, K., et al. (2017) Identi-fication of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Patients with Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Using Intra-Cardiac Echocardiography and Cardiac Computed Tomography. Circulation Journal, 82, 46-52.
https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0077
|
[36]
|
Anter, E., Silverstein, J., Tschabrunn, C.M., et al. (2014) Com-parison of Intracardiac Echocardiography and Transesophageal Echocardiography for Imaging of the Right and Left Atri-al Appendages. Heart Rhythm, 11, 1890-1897.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.07.015
|
[37]
|
Baran, J., Zaborska, B., Piotrowski, R., et al. (2017) Intra-cardiac Echocardiography for Verification for Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus Presence Detected by Transesophageal Echocardiography: The ActionICE II Study. Clinical Cardiology, 40, 450-454.
https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22675
|
[38]
|
Spagnolo, P., Giglio, M., Di Marco, D., et al. (2021) Diagnosis of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Delayed Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT. European Ra-diology, 31, 1236-1244.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07172-2
|
[39]
|
Ouchi, K., Sakuma, T., Higuchi, T., et al. (2022) Filling Defects in the Left Atrial Appendage Restricted to the Early Phase of Cardiac Computed Tomography as a Potential Risk of Left Atrial Appendage Dysfunction. Journal of Cardiology, 79, 211-218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.09.011
|
[40]
|
Zhong, J. and Xing, L.M. (2023) Predictive Value of Echocar-diography Combined with CT Angiography for Left Atrial Appendage Thrombosis in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 27, 10213-10220.
|
[41]
|
Hindricks, G., Potpa-ra, T., Dagres, N., et al. (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the Diagno-sis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the Special Con-tribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. European Heart Journal, 42, 373-498.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
|
[42]
|
Hart, R.G., Pearce, L.A. and Aguilar, M.I. (2007) Me-ta-Analysis: Antithrombotic Therapy to Prevent Stroke in Patients Who Have Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 146, 857-867.
https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007
|
[43]
|
Patel, M.R., Mahaffey, K.W., Garg, J., et al. (2011) Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 883-891.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1009638
|
[44]
|
Hohnloser, S.H., Hijazi, Z., Thomas, L., et al. (2012) Efficacy of Apixaban When Compared with Warfarin in Relation to Renal Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial. European Heart Journal, 33, 2821-2830.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs274
|
[45]
|
Dawwas, G.K., Cuker, A., Barnes, G.D., et al. (2022) Apixaban versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175, 1506-1514.
https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-0318
|
[46]
|
Chang, S.S., Dong, J.Z., Ma, C.S., et al. (2016) Current Status and Time Trends of Oral Anticoagulation Use among Chinese Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study. Stroke, 47, 1803- 1810.
https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012988
|
[47]
|
Zweiker, D., Sieghartsleitner, R., Fiedler, L., et al. (2020) Indications and Outcome in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Closure—The Austrian LAAC Registry. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, Article 3274.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103274
|
[48]
|
Whitlock, R.P., Belley-Cote, E.P., Paparella, D., et al. (2021) Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion during Cardiac Surgery to Prevent Stroke. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2081-2091.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2101897
|
[49]
|
Sievert, H., Lesh, M.D., Trepels, T., et al. (2002) Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion to Prevent Stroke in High-Risk Patients with Atrial Fibrilla-tion: Early Clinical Experience. Circulation, 105, 1887-1889.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000015698.54752.6D
|
[50]
|
Holmes, D.R., Reddy, V.Y., Turi, Z.G., et al. (2009) Percutaneous Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage versus Warfarin Therapy for Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomised Non-Inferiority Trial. Lancet, 374, 534-542.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61343-X
|
[51]
|
Reddy, V.Y., Holmes, D., Doshi, S.K., et al. (2011) Safety of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) Clinical Trial and the Continued Access, Registry. Circulation, 123, 417-424.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976449
|
[52]
|
Theofilis, P., Oikonomou, E., Antonopoulos, A.S., et al. (2022) Percutaneous Treatment Approaches in Atrial Fibrillation: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines, 10, Article 2268.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092268
|
[53]
|
Zhao, M., Zhao, M., Hou, C.R., et al. (2021) Left Atrial Appendage Closure Yields Favorable Cardio- and Cerebrovascular Outcomes in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fi-brillation and Prior Stroke. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, Article 784557.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.784557
|
[54]
|
Della Rocca, D.G., Magnocavallo, M., Di Biase, L., et al. (2021) Half-Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulation versus Standard Antithrombotic Therapy after Left Atrial Appendage Oc-clusion. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, 14, 2353- 2564.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2021.07.031
|
[55]
|
Zhou, X.D., Chen, Q.F., Lin, F., et al. (2023) Reduced- or Half-Dose Rivaroxaban Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure: A Feasible Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients at High Risk of Bleeding? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, Article 847.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030847
|