[1]
|
Hiesgen, J. and Schutte, C. (2023) Autoimmune Encephalitis: Part 1 (Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Spec-trum). South African Medical Journal, 113, 116-121. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i3.780
|
[2]
|
Graus, F., Titulaer, M.J., Balu, R., et al. (2016) A Clinical Approach to Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis. The Lancet Neurology, 15, 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00401-9
|
[3]
|
Dalmau, J. and Graus, F. (2023) Autoimmune Encephalitis-Misdiagnosis, Misconceptions, and How to Avoid Them. JAMA Neurology, 80, 12-14. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4154
|
[4]
|
Dalmau, J., Geis, C. and Graus, F. (2017) Autoantibodies to Synaptic Receptors and Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Physi-ological Reviews, 97, 839-887.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2016
|
[5]
|
Dutra, L.A., Abrantes, F., Toso, F.F., et al. (2018) Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 76, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20170176
|
[6]
|
Dalmau, J. and Graus, F. (2018) Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378, 840-851.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1708712
|
[7]
|
Gultekin, S.H., Rosenfeld, M.R., Voltz, R., et al. (2000) Parane-oplastic Limbic Encephalitis: Neurological Symptoms, Immunological Findings and Tumour Association in 50 Patients. Brain, 123, 1481-1494.
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.7.1481
|
[8]
|
Linnoila, J.J., Binnicker, M.J., Majed, M., et al. (2016) CSF Herpes Virus and Autoantibody Profiles in the Evaluation of Encephalitis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 3, e245.
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000245
|
[9]
|
Titulaer, M.J., Soffietti, R., Dalmau, J., et al. (2011) Screen-ing for Tumours in Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Report of an EFNS Task Force. European Journal of Neurology, 18, 19-e3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03220.x
|
[10]
|
Papiri, G., Puca, E., Marcucci, M., et al. (2022) A Case of Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated Protein 1 (Anti-LGI1) Encephalitis with an Unusual Frontomesial Motor Cortex T2 MRI Hyperintensity. Cureus, 14, e30480.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30480
|
[11]
|
Li, W., Wu, S., Meng, Q., et al. (2018) Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Prognosis of LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis: A Retrospective Case Study. BMC Neurology, 18, Article No. 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-018-1099-z
|
[12]
|
Adhikari, A., Subedi, R.C., Acharya, S., et al. (2020) An-ti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated-1 Encephalitis with Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures and Behavioral Problems: A Case Report. Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 58, 487- 490. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5008
|
[13]
|
Muñiz-Castrillo, S., Haesebaert, J., Thomas, L., et al. (2021) Clinical and Prognostic Value of Immunogenetic Characteristics in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neu-roinflammation, 8, e974.
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000974
|
[14]
|
Hang, H.L., Zhang, J.H., Chen, D.W., et al. (2020) Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Impairment and 1-Year Outcome in Patients with Anti-LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis. Fron-tiers in Neurology, 11, Article No. 852.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00852
|
[15]
|
Wu, H., Mei, F., Liu, L., et al. (2021) Case Report/Case Series: Rare Case of Anti-LGI1 Limbic Encephalitis with Rapidly Progressive Dementia, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Frequently Sei-zures: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore), 100, e26654. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026654
|
[16]
|
Mir, A., Thani, Z., Bashir, S., et al. (2019) LGI-1 Antibody Encephalitis in a Seven-Year-Old Girl. Epileptic Disorders, 21, 591-597.
|
[17]
|
Alho, A., Santos, N.F., Felicio, R., et al. (2023) Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Anti-LGI 1) Limbic Encephalitis and New-Onset Psychosis: A Case Report. Cureus, 15, e36223. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.36223
|
[18]
|
Li, X., Yuan, J., Liu, L., et al. (2019) An-tibody-LGI 1 Autoimmune Encephalitis Manifesting as Rapidly Progressive Dementia and Hyponatremia: A Case Report and Literature Review. BMC Neurology, 19, Article No. 19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1251-4
|
[19]
|
Muñoz-Lopetegi, A., Graus, F., Dalmau, J., et al. (2020) Sleep Disorders in Autoimmune Encephalitis. The Lancet Neurology, 19, 1010-1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30341-0
|
[20]
|
Erkent, I., Elibol, B., Saka, E., et al. (2023) Sleep Disorders and Polysomnography Findings in Patients with Autoimmune Encephalitis. Neurological Sciences, 44, 1351-1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06513-x
|
[21]
|
Irani, S.R., Michell, A.W., Lang, B., et al. (2011) Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures Precede Lgi1 Antibody Limbic Encephalitis. Annals of Neurology, 69, 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22307
|
[22]
|
Binks, S.N.M., Klein, C.J., Waters, P., et al. (2018) LGI1, CASPR2 and Related Antibodies: A Molecular Evolution of the Phenotypes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 89, 526-534.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-315720
|
[23]
|
Sola-Valls, N., Ariño, H., Escudero, D., et al. (2020) Telemedicine Assessment of Long-Term Cognitive and Functional Status in Anti-Leucine-Rich, Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 7, e652. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000652
|
[24]
|
Cui, L.L., Boltze, J. and Zhang, Y. (2021) Positive LGI1 Antibodies in CSF and Relapse Relate to Worse Outcome in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Arti-cle ID: 772096. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772096
|
[25]
|
van Sonderen, A., Thijs, R.D., Coenders, E.C., et al. (2016) Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Clinical Syndrome and Long- Term Follow-Up. Neurology, 87, 1449-1456. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003173
|
[26]
|
Ariño, H., Armangué, T., Petit-Pedrol, M., et al. (2016) Anti-LGI1-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Presentation and Long-Term Outcome. Neurology, 87, 759-765. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003009
|
[27]
|
Flanagan, E.P., Geschwind, M.D., Lopez-Chiriboga, A.S., et al. (2023) Autoimmune Encephalitis Misdiagnosis in Adults. JAMA Neurology, 80, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4251
|
[28]
|
Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A. and Rose, N.R. (2014) Hashimo-to Thyroiditis: Clinical and Diagnostic Criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13, 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007
|
[29]
|
Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, J. and Wartofsky, L. (2022) Hashimoto Thyroiditis: An Evidence-Based Guide to Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 132, 16222. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16222
|
[30]
|
Zhou, J.Y., Xu, B., Lopes, J., et al. (2017) Hashimoto Enceph-alopathy: Literature Review. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 135, 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12618
|
[31]
|
Mocellin, R., Walterfang, M. and Velakoulis, D. (2007) Hashimoto’s En-cephalopathy: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management. CNS Drugs, 21, 799-811. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200721100-00002
|
[32]
|
Pinedo-Torres, I. and Paz-Ibarra, J.L. (2018) Current Knowledge on Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy: A Literature Review. Medwave, 18, e7298. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2018.06.7298
|
[33]
|
Chen, K.A., Brilot, F., Dale, R.C., et al. (2017) Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy and Anti-MOG Antibody Encephalitis: 50 Years after Lord Brain’s Description. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 21, 898-901.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.06.002
|
[34]
|
Zhu, M., Yu, X., Liu, C., et al. (2017) Hashimoto’s Encephalitis Associated with AMPAR2 Antibodies: A Case Report. BMC Neurology, 17, Article No. 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-017-0823-4
|
[35]
|
Churilov, L.P., Sobolevskaia, P.A. and Stroev, Y.I. (2019) Thy-roid Gland and Brain: Enigma of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Me-tabolism, 33, Article ID: 101364.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2019.101364
|
[36]
|
Yao, Q., Song, Z., Wang, B., et al. (2019) Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Autoimmunity Reviews, 18, 634-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.01.003
|
[37]
|
Fatourechi, V. (2005) Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy: Myth or Re-ality? An Endocrinologist’s Perspective. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2004.11.006
|
[38]
|
Nissen, M.S., Ryding, M., Meyer, M., et al. (2020) Autoimmune Encephalitis: Current Knowledge on Subtypes, Disease Mechanisms and Treatment. CNS & Neurological Disor-ders—Drug Targets, 19, 584-598.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527319666200708133103
|
[39]
|
Guasp, M., Landa, J., Martinez-Hernandez, E., et al. (2021) Thymoma and Autoimmune Encephalitis: Clinical Manifes- tations and Antibodies. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 8, e1053.
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001053
|
[40]
|
Vedeler, C.A. and Storstein, A. (2009) Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 120, 63-67.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01204.x
|
[41]
|
Heine, J., Pruss, H., Bartsch, T., et al. (2015) Imaging of Autoimmune Encephalitis—Relevance for Clinical Practice and Hippocampal Function. Neuroscience, 309, 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037
|
[42]
|
Bhandari, B., Basyal, B., Sendil, S., et al. (2020) Atypical Presentation of an Elderly Male with Autoimmune Encephalitis: Anti-LG1 Limbic Encephalitis. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10, 377-379.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20009666.2020.1785160
|
[43]
|
Wesselingh, R., Butzkueven, H., Buzzard, K., et al. (2019) Innate Immunity in the Central Nervous System: A Missing Piece of the Autoimmune Encephalitis Puzzle? Frontiers in Immunology, 10, Article No. 2066.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02066
|
[44]
|
Shan, W., Yang, H. and Wang, Q. (2021) Neuronal Surface Anti-body-Medicated Autoimmune Encephalitis (Limbic Encephalitis) in China: A Multiple-Center, Retrospective Study. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article ID: 621599.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.621599
|
[45]
|
Sell, J., Haselmann, H., Hallermann, S., et al. (2021) Autoim-mune Encephalitis: Novel Therapeutic Targets at the Pre- clinical Level. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 25, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2021.1856370
|
[46]
|
Rodriguez, A., Klein, C.J., Sechi, E., et al. (2022) LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis: Acute Treatment Comparisons and Outcome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 93, 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-327302
|